Centaur-Special Halloween Post

Centaurs are half man (top 1/2), half horse (bottom 1/2) creatures of mythology. Besides Chiron (who trained great heroes), they are best known for the famous battle when they were pushed from their home in Thessaly to Mount Pindus.
Ixion was in love with Hera. This made Zeus jealous. Zeus made a likeness of Hera out of a cloud called Nepheles. Ixion thought this was Hera and made love to her. Their offspring was Centaurus, who mated with the mares of Thessaly to produce centaurs.

Picture: http://www.melaniereinhart.com/melanie/images/CentaurRenee_000.jpg

The Griffin-Halloween Post-Special Edition

The griffin is a mythological beast with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. These beasts guarded gold deposits on northern and eastern mountains. The griffins had one eyed neighbors, the Skythian Arimasp tribe. The griffins battled them for riches. Griffins were in Greek art, medieval bestiaries, and heraldic devices.

Picture: http://www.pantheon.org/areas/gallery/folklore/folklore/griffin.gif

Vitruvius-Architect!

Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman architect, engineer, and author of De architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman Architects. Little is known of his life, but Vitruvius is thought to have dedicated hi works to Augustus, and thought to have been alive during Caesar's rule. The treatise was conceived after 27 BC. Vitruvius tells of the basilica he built in Fanum, now Fano.
De architectura was based on personal experience and from theoretical from Greek architects such as Hermogenes. The handbook details almost every aspect of architecture, but lacks, because it is based on Greek models, and Rome soon departs from Greek architecture as it becomes a world power. The treatise is divided into 10 books, and details city planning and architecture in general. Vitruvius wished to preserve the classical tradition for temples and public buildings, but could not, as Rome moved on to making it's own unique architectural styles.
Leonardo Da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man" is based on De architectura, which details proportions of the human body.

Picture: http://www.antient.org/temples_files/vitruvius.jpg

Latin Chapter 25 Optional Review

Optional Exercises for Chapter 25

1. Laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus
2. Fut Active Inf
3. Perf Passive Inf
4. The infinitive subject agrees
5. To have_____
6. (1) To have moved

(2) To have been moved

(3) To be about to move

(4) To be moved

(5) To be said

(6) To be known

(7) To be saved

(8) To be seized

(9) To be sent

(10) To have believed

(11) To have destroyed

(12) To have drawn

(13) To have touched

(14) To have loved

(15) To have conquered

(16) To have lived

(17) To have been drawn

(18) To have been seen

(19) To have been seized

(20) To have been sent

(21) To have been sought

(22) To have been expelled

(23) To have been left

(24) To have been given

(25) To be about to give

(26) To be about to turn

(27) To be about to press

(28) To be about to seize

(29) To be about to order

(30) To be about to touch

7. A direct statement often includes a quote, and an indirect statements does not and includes the word "that"
9. say, knowing thinking and perceiving
10. The infinitive with sub acc
11. accusative
12. No
13. The perfect infinitive

Latin Chapter 24 Optional Review

Optional Exercises for Chapters 24

1. (1) A noun or pronoun and a modifying participle in the ablative case

(2) No

2. (1)absolutum-loosened from, separated

(2) A comma, which separates in from the sentence

3. No, because it is better style to transform the phrase into a clause
4. With, since, when, if, although
5. (1) Incorrect, because "eam" is the object for which the ablative absolute noun is used

(2) Incorrect, because the passive is being used

(3) Correct

(4) Correct

6. (1) Passive Periphrastic

(2) It agrees with "sum"

(3) Debeo + infinitive

7. (1) Dative

(2) A me

8. If these two men hold command, the state will be strong.
9. This famous had been reported, the king relinquished the city without delay.
10. When every desire for money and power is expelled out of his soul, that leader will conquer himself.
11. Our desire for evil events must be conquered if we desire to lead a good life.
12. The citizens love their country, we have great hopes.
13. All citizens kept fearing the tyrant of yours, who had to be banished.
14. When I overcame the tyrant, the citizens regained their liberty and rights.
15. After a tyrant has been expelled, another tyrant often gains power.

List of Picture Links

List of Picture links:

• http://www.uh.edu/engines/maccari_cicero.jpg
• http://timothycomeau.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/rome.jpg
• http://edenville.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/10012799catiline-plotting-to-seize-power-in-rome-is-denounced-in-the-senate-by-cicero-posters.jpg
• http://cache1.asset-cache.net/xc/50692358.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=4996399091E83186241B1BBB5588B481DA70E170507C691C
• http://edenville.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/cicero.jpg
• http://pixton.com/id/img/comic/3zg83vfkwhfqitqd.png?1236020430
• http://www.heritage-history.com/books/macgregor/rome/zpage352.gif
• http://www.dl.ket.org/latinlit/things/newspaper/images/cicero.jpg
• http://www.ibsen.net/image/311/1/311_1.jpeg
• http://www.thearttribune.com/local/cache-vignettes/L290xH249/Rosa_Catilina-8d3f1-c3f27.jpg
• http://www.livius.org/a/1/emperors/berlin_caesar2.JPG
• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_gUTP3SPeWeU/SK5ppxDLCTI/AAAAAAAAAEI/IaXVntarmx0/s320/Belgian+Waffle+%28with+icecream%29.JPG
• http://liechty3.wikispaces.com/file/view/caesar-l.jpg
• http://www.fairplaygames.com/pics/gallicwar.jpg
• http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51Xm3DVsACL._SL500_AA246_PIkin2,BottomRight,-11,34_AA280_SH20_OU01_.jpg
• http://www.dl.ket.org/latin1/gallery/people/images/virgil_.jpg
• http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/31YFK2K19EL._BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA240_SH20_OU01_.jpg
• http://www.gallimauphry.com/PD/dante/virgil2.jpg
• http://www.jimandellen.org/ellen/KaufmanVirgilBrindisium.jpg
• http://www.harpercollins.com/features/wheelock/images/wheelock6thed.jpg

Latin Project Pictures

Virgil's 4th Eclogue-The Golden Age Returns (21)

Latin Project Pictures

Caesar's Camp is Attacked by Belgians (24)

Latin Project Pictures

The Character of Catiline's Followers (25)

Latin Project Pictures

Sorry, Mr. Wojo, you said you wanted this all as a single blog post, but Blogger is only letting me post 5 pictures at a time.

CICERO REPORTS HIS VICTORY OVER CATILINE (22)

2nd Latin Project-Content

Part I

CICERO REPORTS HIS VICTORY OVER CATILINE (22)

The state, oh citizens, all your life, good, fortune, the house of the senate and this beautiful city, through my labor, counsel, and my danger I have snatched from the fire and sword. Now, oh, citizens, because bad leaders soon captured hold bad war, you ought to think of your good hope. Catiline has been expelled out of the middle of the city. This man was feared by all, for as long as he was contained in the walls of the city. Now that man so bitter, so daring, so watchful in crime, so diligent in evil affairs, has been removed. Although all these men, oh citizens, have been taken care of by me, nevertheless they have seem to have been enacted and foreseen by the power and plan of the immortal gods. For many times the immortal gods nourished the hope and faith of this republic. At this time especially you ought to give the most splendid thanks to them. In fact you have been snatched away from most brutal and miserable death, and you have been snatched away without murder, without blood and without an army. Our deeds, citizens, will be nourished by your memory; your praise, reputation, and glory will make them strong; they live on in and will be maintained by your letters. We will be able to be in perpetual peace, citizens.

Verb Parsing

1. Cogitare-present active infinitive meaning "to think"
2. Espulsus est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of "expellere" meaning "to expel"
3. Timebatur-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "timere" meaning "to fear"
4. Continebatur-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "continere" meaning "to contain"
5. Manebunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "manere" meaning "to remain"
6. Mittetur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "mittere" meaning "to throw"
7. Videntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to seem"
8. Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
9. Aluerunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "alere" meaning "to nourish"
10. Agere-present active infinitive meaning "to drive"

THE CHARACTER OF CATILINE'S FOLLOWERS (25)

But for what reason for a long time we speak of one enemy, and he says that down from his enemy who is now your enemy, and that , which lies between the city wall, I do not fear: concerning this man, who in the middle of the city, who are with us, we say nothing? I will truly explain to you all, oh citizens, the human origin out of this man are prepared plenty. The origin itself is truly in great debt, they have property, induced by love of which I free from debt they are not merely able to. But I do not think that is human fear, which I have dissuaded from your wisdom, they are able to.

The other origin is itself that, though foreign money are pressed, nevertheless, they expect command and also that honor, the state is troubled, I seek that they think of it to be able. He hopes for this which is not. For this he has been understood that: first of all to be vigilant, to be awake, to be present to help, to provide for the government; then the great soul is to be in a good man, great harmony of rank, very great multitude, great military supply; finally, these immortal gods of these everlasting people, a clear command, beautiful city of so great strength that gives help against evil. Do they hope that the city will be in ashes and in blood citizesn of the consul or dictators or hope you rule the future?

Verb Parsing

1. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
2. Dicit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
3. Interest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "intersum" meaning "to concern"
4. Timeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to terrify"
5. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
6. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
7. Parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
8. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
9. Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
10. Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"

Part II

THE CHARACTER OF CATILINE'S FOLLOWERS (25)

But for what reason for a long time we speak of one enemy, and he says that down from his enemy who is now your enemy, and that , which lies between the city wall, I do not fear: concerning this man, who in the middle of the city, who are with us, we say nothing? I will truly explain to you all, oh citizens, the human origin out of this man are prepared plenty. The origin itself is truly in great debt, they have property, induced by love of which I free from debt they are not merely able to. But I do not think that is human fear, which I have dissuaded from your wisdom, they are able to.

The other origin is itself that, though foreign money are pressed, nevertheless, they expect command and also that honor, the state is troubled, I seek that they think of it to be able. He hopes for this which is not. For this he has been understood that: first of all to be vigilant, to be awake, to be present to help, to provide for the government; then the great soul is to be in a good man, great harmony of rank, very great multitude, great military supply; finally, these immortal gods of these everlasting people, a clear command, beautiful city of so great strength that gives help against evil. Do they hope that the city will be in ashes and in blood citizesn of the consul or dictators or hope you rule the future?

Verb Parsing

1. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
2. Dicit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
3. Interest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "intersum" meaning "to concern"
4. Timeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to terrify"
5. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
6. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
7. Parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
8. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
9. Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
10. Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"

Part III

VIRGIL'S 4TH ECLOGUE-THE GOLDEN AGE RETURNS (21)

Now a new great age begins. The boy is being born and a golden age comes. The grave world will be free from fear. This boy will see the gods and take the life of the gods, and he himself will be seen as that. The ancient world will rule with power. Also at the same time he will be able to you praise him and to obey their parents and to know virtue, good fields will prepare good fruit for all mankind. They will remain yet little fault when humans try to test the sea, when humans will order to surround the cities with walls. There will be peace instead of war, also again great Achilles will be sent from Troy. Where then this young man will have made a strong age, the sea will be left behind to the passengers, nor the sailors riches the merchandise will change. The strong farmer will bull from the yoke; no earth will be touched by the rake; all of earth will bear all.

Verb Parsing

1. Incipit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "incipere" meaning "to begin"
2. Erunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
3. Venit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
4. Liberabitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "liberare" meaning "to free"
5. Videbit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. Videbitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to seem"
7. Reget-3rd person singular future active indicative of "regere" meaning "to direct"
8. Feret-3rd person singular future active indicative of "ferre" meaning "to bring"
9. Poterit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
10. Parabunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"

Forum of Julius Caesar-Where

The Forum of Julius Caesar, often called Forum Iulium or Forum Julium, is the first of the imperial fora, designed by Cesar as a center of business. It was completed by Augustus in 29 BC.
The land for the Forum was very expensive, and only obtained through the persuasion of Cicero. It was rectangular and as 115 meters long and 30 wide. After Caesar's conquest in Gaul, the Forum Julium was built. It was then that a temple was built and dedicated to Venus Genetrix in the Forum.
The Forum was a large plaza surrounded by colonnades, and it contained many works of art. These included a cult statue of Venus Genetrix, a gold statue of Cleopatra, and a statue of Caesar on horseback.

The Golden Age of Rome-The 5 Good Emperors-When

When Domitian was assassinated in 96 AD, many people thought Rome would become like after Caesar's assassination or after Nero's suicide, in a constant state of civil war. The Senate met quickly, though, and chose a new emperor. This was Nerva. Nerva didn't rule very long (only till 98 AD, when he died), but he did install a new system for choosing the next emperor. Nerva chose someone who he thought would do a good job, and elected him as a son. This was Trajan, who after elected, led the Roman armies to Dacia and conquered it. Dacia had many gold mines, and this brought more money into Rome. Trajan then conquered land from the Parthians, and made his way to Babylon, where Alexander the Great had died. When Trajan was on the decline, he chose Hadrian as his successor. Hadrian was not much liked, as soon after elected he gave much land back to the Parthians, believing Rome couldn't maintain it without losing much money. Hadrian also did not conquer any new lands. Rome's peace was kept, though. Hadrian died in 134 AD, and chose Antoninus as his successor, who was often called Antoninus Pius because of his interest in religion. Marcus Aurelius was chosen to succeed him. Aurelius was a big believer of the stoic philosophy. During his reign, the Parthians attacked the eastern part of the empire, but Rome won in the end. On the way back from the victory, it was discovered that the soldiers had cuaght a plague from the Parthians. This killed many soldiers, and others brought it back to all parts of Rome. The Germanic barbarians saw this as a weakness and a chance to attack, and took it, so Aurelius spent the rest of his life fighting the Germanic people, and died once he started winning against them in 180 AD.

Picture: http://images.marketworks.com/hi/51/51407/d-4930.jpg

Mount Olympus

Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece. It is the heavenly abode of the Greek gods and the site of throne of Zeus. The gods of Mount Olympus are Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hestia, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Athena, Hermes, and Hephaestus. These gods and goddesses did not necessarily all live on Mount Olympus, but it is clear that the Greeks understood the power of the sacred mountain.

Picture: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Mount_Olympus-JP2.jpg

Mnemosyne-Who

Mnemosyne was the Titan goddess of memory and remembrance. She was also the inventress of language and words. Mnemosyne was the daughter of Ouranos (Heaven), and being such was also a goddess of time. Mnemosyne had the duty of memorizing the stories of history to preserve them, as this was during oral tradition for keeping history, before writing. In this role she was represented as the mother of the Muses. Mnemosyne was a minor oracular goddess like her sister. Mnemosyne's Latin name is Moneta, which could be drawing from the verb "monere" meaning "to remind, advise, warn".

Picture: http://www.theoi.com/image/img_mnemosyne.jpg

Zeus Killed Asclepius-Why

After being rescued from his mother's womb, Asclepius received his name (Asklepios) meaning "to cut open". As a boy, Asclepius was raised by the centaur Kheiron, who taught him the art of medicine. Asclepius practiced, and became so good at his skill that he could bring the dead back to life. This angered Zeus, as it upset the natural order. Zeus saw this as a crime and destroyed Asclepius with a thunderbolt.
After his death, Asclepius was placed among the constellations as Ophiochus, which means "the Serpent Holder".

Picture: http://www.educ.fc.ul.pt/docentes/opombo/hfe/protagoras/images/asclepius5019.jpg
(See somewhat related post, "Tiber Island-Where")

Tiber Island-Where

Tiber Island is 1,100 feet long and 330 feet wide at its widest. It has been a place of healing since the Temple of Aesculapius was erected after the plague 0f 291 BC. Tiber Island is located east of Capitoline Hill (See post on Capitoline Hill), opposite the Circus Flaminius and Forum Holitorium. A statue was sent for after the plague, but a serpent was brought back instead. The serpent abandoned the ship and swam to the island. This was seen as a good sign, so the island was decorated to resemble a ship.

Pictures: Google Earth
http://www.mmdtkw.org/TiberIsland.jpg

Battle of Thermopylae-480 B.C.-When

Thermopylae means "hot gates". This is the battle best known in popular culture from the movie 300. The Greeks tried unsuccessfully to guard the pass against the Persians, led by Xerxes, in 480 BC. All the Spartans who defended the gates were killed, but showed great courage and bravery.Xerxes' ships sailed on the Eastern Aegean Sea towards the Thermopylae mountains. The battle occurred at a pass among the mountains. This pass was the only road between Thessaly and Greece, and Leonidas, the Greek general and king, was in charge of the Greek forces protecting this area. The Greeks who died that day gave the Athenians just enough time to flee Athens before it was burnt to the ground by the victorious Persians in September 480 BC.

Pictures: http://www.300quotes.com/thermopylae/battle-thermpylae.jpg
http://log27.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/550_copy_of_300spartanwarriors-nikos_panos_phalanx-a.jpg

The Character or Catiline's Followers-38 Latin Stories-Parsing

VERB PARSING

1. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
2. Dicit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
3. Interest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "intersum" meaning "to concern"
4. Timeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to terrify"
5. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
6. Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
7. Parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
8. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
9. Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
10. Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
11. Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
12. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
13. Permuntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "permure" meaning "to ???"
14. Expectant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "expectare" meaning "to expect"
15. Posse-present active infinitive meaning "to be able to"
16. Putant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "putare" meaning "to think"
17. Sperandum est-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "sperare" meaning "to hope"
18. Intellegendum est-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "intellegere" meaning "to understand"
19. Vigilare-present active infinitive meaning "to be vigilant"
20. Providere-present active infinitive meaning "to provide"
21. Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
22. Esse-present active indicative meaning "to be"
23. Sperant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "sperare" meaning "to hope"

Chapter 25-Practice and Review

Sorry, Mr. Wojo, we were supposed to do the even S.A., but they had the same number of sentences and I accidentally did the practice and review.
Here are the even practice and review questions.

Even Practice and Review

2. After we heard the servants had worked for our gifts, they had narrated to the faithful soldiers yesterday.
4. The sign of that man touched the total danger of our clan, if not to expel the enemy out of the city then to be able to drive out the Italians
6. Why was the pleasant Horace showed and ridiculed for his human faults in satire?
8. The leader, who was sent into the senate, had accepted supreme power and had been made emperor.
10. They deny any enemies victory to be oppressed ever in servitude.
12. Whoever will accept the truth will be educated.
14. They will show that the letter was written by the brave slavegirl.
15. We hope that the judge's wife will write those two letters tomorrow.

Fall of the Roman Republic-Why

The fall of the Roman Republic was caused by multiple events. This included political infighting, which led to social instability. Citizen assemblies tore at the fabric of Senatorial power. Men like Marius and Sulla with rivalries weakened structure. People like Populares who looked for support in the lower class divided it into quarreling groups. Caesar continued a cycle of events that made collapse irreversible. The civil wars occurring after Caesar's assassination led to the need for a sole ruler. The adoption of Octavian and the exalted post of Augustus spelled the end for the republic.

Picture:http://ancienthistory.pppst.com/rome/banner_rome_republic%5B1%5D.GIF

Papyrus-In Ancient Egypt and Today

The material to make papyrus comes from the Cyperus papyrus plant, which grew alongside the Nile, and provided the Egyptians the proper materials. After the Egyptians first invented papyrus, they tried keeping it a secret, so they could have a monopoly over it. Eventually, though, many other cultures in other places made their own form of papyrus. Papyrus was Egypt's greatest export, and it forever changed the way information was kept. In the tenth century, though, the Arabs introduced pulped paper. This was quicker and more efficient, but did not last as long. Still, Egypt's trade in papyrus declined, and the Egyptians abandoned this cultivation and trade. Today, the word "paper" in English comes from papyrus. The Egyptian Exploration Society now owns the largest collection of papyri in the world (Over 500,000 paper fragments).

Pictures: http://www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/papyrus_66a.gif
http://www.freeserbia.net/Editorial/papyrus.jpg

Battle of Cannae

In the summer of 216 BC was the great Battle of Cannae. This was Hannibal's finest hour, when he taught Rome a painful lesson. After having crossed the Alps in the winter with his elephants, Hannibal wreaked havoc in Rome and finally made his way to Cannae. Rome was preparing for the battle by sending 30,000 more soldiers than Hannibal's army. They planned to crush the enemy by force. The war was waged, with both sides trying to outmaneuver the other, until Rome's fatal mistake. They marched straight into the crescent of enemy, and then were closed in from all sides. The Romans lost many a soldier that day.

Picture: http://www.hannibalthewarrior.com/images/cannae_map.gif

Chapter 24-S.A.-Periphrastic Sentences #s 4, 5, 8

4. Whatever must be said, I will say freely.
5. You must heal these vulnerable men after the war.
8. All life and council and deeds must be directed to out benefit.

Chapter 24-S.A. #s 2, 6, 7

2. Asia having been conquered, the happy Roman leaders sent many servant into Italy.
6. Neither civil war nor spear soldiers nor violent death will frighten me, Augustus is being supported by his land.
7. Banishing Tarquinius, the Roman population is not able to hear the king's name.

Tiberius-Who

Tiberius reigned from AD 14 to AD 37, and his reign was important to the Principate. Tiberius Claudius Nero was born on November 16th, 42 BC. He was the second Roman emperor after Augustus died. Tiberius was dark and reclusive, and did not want to be emperor. Though he was a great general, he did not lead Rome in any conquests during his reign. While not an emperor, Tiberius lead armies in Germany. Tiberius retired to Rhodes as Augustus was choosing his heir, as he did not wish to be emperor. In AD 26, Tiberius had enough of Rome and left, never to return. Tiberius died at age 78, and his successor was Caligula.

Picture: http://thepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Tiberius.jpg

Laocoon Speaks Out Against the Trojan Horse

Oppressed by a long war and turned away gods, the Greek leaders, soon after 10 years, are making a great wooden horse by the art of Minerva. They fill up the belly with many soldiers, they leave the horse on the shore, and sail to the other side of a nearby island. The Trojans do not see troops or ships; Troy rejoices; the gates are opened. But Trojans are unsure of the horse. Some want it led into the city; others say it’s a Greek ambush. First before everyone, running from the citadel, Laocoon, a sacred Trojan, said the words, "Oh wretched citizens, you are not sane! What are you thinking? You don't understand the Greeks and their plot. Either you will find harsh soldiers in that horse, or the machine is a horse of war, created against us, about to come into the city, about to see our people and houses. Or something lies hidden. Do not trust the horse, Trojans: whatever it is, I fear Greeks, especially carrying gifts. He spoke, and threw a great powerful spear with strength of his left hand in the horse's belly; it stood, shaking.

Verbs:

1. Faciunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
2. Complent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "complere" meaning "to fill"
3. Relinquunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "relinquere" meaning "to leave behind"
4. Navigant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "navigare" meaning "to navigate"
5. Vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. Gaudet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "gaudere" meaning "to be glad"
7. Panduntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "pandere" which means "to be spread out"
8. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
9. Cupiunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "cupere" meaning "to wish"
10. Appellant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "appellare" meaning "to call"
11. Dicit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
12. Estis-2nd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
13. Cogitatis-2nd person plural present active indicative of "cogitare" meaning "to think"
14. Intellegitis-2nd person plural present active indicative of "intellegere" meaning "to understand"
15. Invenietis-2nd person plural present active indicative of "invenire" meaning "to come upon"
16. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
17. Latet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "latere" meaning "to lurk"
18. Credite-2nd person plural present active imperative of "credere" meaning "to trust"
19. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
20. Timeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to fear"
21. Dixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
22. Iecit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "iecere" meaning "to throw"
23. Stetit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "stare" meaning "to stand"

Nouns and Adjectives:

1. Bello-2nd
2. Longo-1st
3. Deis-1st
4. Duces-3rd
5. Decem-2nd
6. Annos-2nd
7. Equum-2nd
8. Ligneum-1st
9. Arte-3rd
10. Minervae-1st
11. Multis-1st
12. Militibus-1st
13. Equum-2nd
14. Litore-3rd
15. Insulam-1st
16. Troiani-1st
17. Copias-1st
18. Naves-3rd
19. Troia-1st
20. Portae-1st
21. Eqou-2nd
22. Troiani-1st
23. Incerti-1st
24. Urbem-3rd
25. Graecas-1st
26. Insidias-1st
27. Arce-3rd
28. Laocoon-1st
29. Trojianus-1st
30. Verba-2nd
31. Cives-3rd
32. Graecos-1st
33. Insidias-1st
34. Eqou-2nd
35. Milites-3rd
36. Equus-2nd
37. Machina-1st
38. Belli-2nd
39. Facta-2nd
40. Urbem-3rd
41. Casas-3rd
42. Populum-2nd
43. Eqou-2nd
44. Troiani-1st
45. Danaos-1st
46. Dona-2nd
47. Potentem-3rd
48. Magnis-1st
49. Viribus-3rd
50. Manus-4th
51. Sinistrae-1st
52. Equi-2nd