Vocab Quiz Chapter 13

1. divitiae-riches
2. factum-deed
3. signum-sign
4. ipse-myself
5. quisque-each one
6. sui-himself
7. doctus-learned
8. fortunatus-fortunate
9. suus-his own
10. nam-for
11. ante-before
12. olim-once
13. alere-to nourish

Etruscan Influence on Rome

The Etruscans had a great social, cultural, and political influence on early Rome. This seafaring people brought their language, religion, etc. to northern Italy. Tomb paintings provide insight into the culture of the Etruscans. The skill of the Etruscans at urban planning, engineering, and waterworks all had a deep influence on Rome. Building city walls, engineering the Forum, creating the great drain to the Tiber River, using temple decorations, etc. were all thought to occur becuase of Etruscan influence. Hierarchy and symbols of military authority in Rome were also influenced by the Etruscans. This led to the fasces, a bundle of rods surrounding an axe. The Olympian gods were also in the array of gods of the Etruscans. Since Etruscans cities had disputes, the Etruscans could not unite against a common enemy. This led to fact that the Greek colonies of southern Italy and Sicily defeated the Etruscans in a sea battle. This led to the decline of the Etruscans.

On the map, the Etruscans are in red.

Kings of Rome (Part 2)

Ancus Marcius-fourth king of Rome: Ancus was a highly religious grandson of Numa. He ruled from 640 to 617 BC. He founded the port of Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber River.
Tarquinius Priscus-fifth king of Rome: Tarquinius was a favorite of King Ancus, which led to him being Ancus' successor. He ruled between 616 and 579 BC. He drained the marshes between the hills and helped create the Roman Forum.
Servius Tullius-sixth king of Rome: His rule lasted from 578 to 535 BC. He organized the Roman army into groups of 100 men called centuries. He was said to have built a new wall around the city.
Lucius Tarquinus Superbus(Tarquin the Proud)-seventh king of Rome: He was the cruel seventh king of Rome. He was expelled in 510 BC after his son raped Lucretia. Lucretia was a virtuous Roman matron and the wife of his kinsman Collatinus.

Kings of Rome (Part one)

Romulus-first king of Rome: He founded Rome with Remus in 753 BC, then killed him after he jumped over the wall he made. Romulus invited the Sabines (a people east of the Tiber River) into Rome for a festival. He then kidnapped the Sabine women to provide the wives necessary to make Rome's population grow.
Numa Pompilius-second king of Rome: He was a Sabine who was especially devout to religion. He had a peaceful reign. Many religious traditions of Rome are attributed to him (like having no Romans work on days of festivals of the gods). His reign lasted from 715 to 673 BC.
Tullus Hostilius-third king of Rome: His reign lasted from 672 to 641 BC. Tullus was warlike and started to conquer and expand Rome. When he got the plague the people thought it was a punishment for neglecting the gods. They therefore named Ancus Marcius as the new king

Indo-European Languages

dark green-countries with a majority of speakers of Indo-European languages
light green-countries with an Indo-European minority language with official status

-the most widely spoken family of languages in the world.

-contains the subfamilies Albanian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Indo-Iranian, Italic (includes the Romance languages), Slavic, Anatolian (extinct), and Tocharian (extinct).

-about 1.6 billion people speak Indo-European languages today.

-has a close relationship to Sanskrit and Greek

-originally was highly inflected, but there has been an inflection decay

Latin 1- Midterm Exam

PART I
Present Indicative Active of sum, esse-to be
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt

imperfect indicative active of sum, esse-to be
eram
eras
erat
eramus
eratis
erant

future indicative active of sum, esse-to be
ero
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt

present indicative active of possum, posse-to be able
possum
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt

imperfect indicative active of possum, posse-to be able
poteram
poteras
poterat
poteramus
poteratis
poterant

future indicative active of possum, posse-to be able
potero
poteris
poterit
poterimus
poteritis
poterunt

present indicative active of laudare-to praise
laudo
laudas
laudat
laudamus
laudatis
laudant

imperfect indicative active of monere-to warn
monebam
monebas
monebat
monebamus
monebatis
monebant

future indicative active of agere-to drive
agam
ages
aget
agemus
agetis
agent

perfect indicative active of agere-to drive
egi
egisti
egit
egimus
egistis
egerunt

perfect indicative active of audire-to hear
audivi
audivisti
audivit
audivimus
audivistis
audiverunt

pluperfect indicative active of capere-to take
ceperam
ceperas
ceperat
ceperamus
ceperatis
ceperant

future perfect indicative active of laudare-to praise
laudavero
laudaveris
laudaverit
luadaverimus
laudaveritis
laudaverint

porta,portae-gate
sg.
porta
portae
portae
portam
porta

pl.
portae
portarum
portis
portas
portis

amicus, amici-friend
sg.
amicus
amici
amico
amicum
amico

pl.
amici
amicorum
amicis
amicos
amicis

puer, pueri-boy
sg.
puer
pueri
puero
puerum
puero

pl.
pueri
puerorum
pueris
pueros
pueris

donum, doni-gift
sg.
donum
doni
dono
donum
dono

pl.
dona
donorum
donis
dona
donis

rex, regis-king
sg.
rex
regis
regi
regem
rege

pl.
reges
regum
regibus
reges
regibus

corpus, corporis-body
sg.
corpus
corporis
corpori
corpus
corpore

pl.
corpora
corporum
corporibus
corpora
corporibus

magnus, magna, magnum-
M
sg.
magnus
magni
magno
magnum
magno

pl.
magni
magnorum
magnis
magnos
magnis

F
sg.
magna
magnae
magnae
magnam
magna

pl.
magnae
magnarum
magnis
magnas
magnis

N
sg.
magnum
magni
magno
magnum
magno

pl.
magna
magnorum
magnis
magna
magnis

hic, haec, hoc-this
M F N
hic haec hoc
huius huius huius
huic huic huic
hunc hanc hoc
hoc hac hoc

hi hae haec
horum harum horum
his his his
hos has haec
his his his

ille, illa, illud-that
M F N
ille illa illlud
illuis illluis illuis
illi illi illi
illum illlam illud
illo illa illo

illi illae illa
illorum illarum illorum
illis illis illis
illos illas illa
illis illis illis

adulescens-young man
pater-father
caput-leader
nemo-therefore
capio-to take
dico-to call
fugio-to flee
studium-eagerness
solus-alone
ducere-to drive
scribo-to write
terra-earth
labor-labor
neco-to kill
discipula-learner
noster-our
remaneo-ro remain
otium-peace
sapientia-wisdom
vir-man
hodie-today
antiqua-ancient
pecunia-money
cogito-to think
voco-to talk

PART II
My girl does not love me. Be strong, girl! Catallus is firm: the poet does not love the girl, he does not praise the beauty of the girl, he does not give roses to the girl, and he does not kiss the girl! My anger is great! I am firm, my girl-but I am not strong without you.

"Our army is great", a Persian says, "and because of the number of our arrows you will not see the sky!" Then Lacedaemonius responds: "In shade, therfore, we will fight!" And Leonidas, king of the Lacedonians, shouts: "Fight with spirit, Lacedonians: today perhaps we will dine in the shade!"

Cornelius, man of great wisdom, I ought beautiful new book. Cornelius, my friend, you always praised my books, and are the scholarly schoolmaster of literature! When you have my new labor: The fame of the book (and your fame) is perpetual.

While you declaimed in the great city, my friend, I re-read the war of the Trojan writer in peace.

State war without good cuase you ought not to carry on becuase of anger. If fortunate in fields and life our people are able to defend without war, then we ought to preserve peace: if, however, we are not able to preserve our fatherland and liberty without war, war is necessary. We ought always to demonstrate, nevertheless, great duty in war, and great rejoicing after victory.

PART III
56b Essay

Revolutionary Engineering

The great minds of Roman engineers are what have shaped engineering as we view it today. The Romans were such a successful empire that they had spare time to flourish in sciences, the arts, etc. This time allowed the Romans to think of and employ revolutionary engineering ideas to transform their entire empire. Engineering was very important to the Roman Empire.These great ideas have molded how others engineer to this day. The Romans have invented some of the most widely known engineering feats on the earth.
One good example of the Romans achievement are aqueducts. The aqueducts were pathways for water that flowed downhill and led water from rivers to the cities. Therefore, the Romans could expand farther, wider, and sustain more people in their cities because they had flows of fresh water to the Forum. This had never before been done.
The roads of the Roman Empire stretched far and wide. They connected towns and cities. Roads had never been created before. They were complex pathways with stone and material underneath. They even led water off of them. The only road before this time was the beaten path. This idea had never been conceived or even attempted ever before.
The Romans also improved building structure. They invented arches and pillars. They harnessed marble and other powerful stones. The could then create bigger and more complex buildings.
The Romans had been a founding father of some of the great engineering feats people know and love today. These feats were important to the empire in that they allowed the empire to get "bigger and better". They were why people today think back to the brilliant minds of yore in the Roman Empire. These feats were what helped make the Roman Empire to powerful and respected. Roman Engineering has shaped engineering as we know it today.

Optional (Not really) Exercises Chapter 10

1. 1. 3rd
2. 2nd
3. 4th
4 1st
2. 1. 3rd person, plural, present
2. 2nd person, singular, future
3. 2nd person singular present
4. 1st person plural imperfect
5. 1st person plural present
6. 2nd person singular imperative
7. 2nd person plural future
8. 2nd person plural imperative
9. 2nd person plural present
10. 1st person singular present
11. 3rd person singular present
12. 2nd person imperative singular
13. 2nd person singular imperfect
3. present infinitive, imperative singular, 2nd person singular short stem vowels
4. 1. he, she, it will come
2. he she it comes
3. they come
4. they will come
5. you hear
6. you will hear
7. you hear
8. come
9. you will come
10. come
11. to come
12. he she it makes
13. he, she, it will make
14. we shall make
15. we make
16. they make
17. you make
18. I shall make
19. you will make
20. to make, do, accomplish
5. 1. sentiam
2. sentiemus
3. sentit
4. sentitis
5. sentient
6. sentiunt
7. sentire
8. senti
9. sentiet
10. sentimus
11. iacit
12. iaciet
13. iaciam
14. iacimus
15. iace
16. iacitis
17. iaciemus
18. iacite
19. iacere
20. iacis
6. We were fleeing out of this land.
7. Flee with your duaghter.
8. They will flee into that place.
9. Time flies; hours flee; old age comes.
10. Come with your friends
11. They were coming into your fatherland.
12. Oh great hero, come into our state.
13. You will come upon your son in that state.
14. They were able to come upon little money toward the roads.
15. The tyrant comes upon the way into this state.
16. You take those with friends there.
17. We come up to you with great abundance.
18. He will come upon much fame and glory there?
19. That man was always making war.
20. Those human beings will not make peace.
21. Those make many human beings but these do not make.
22. We do our duty and we shall accomplish.
23. I make great abundance of books.
24. Boys were living with that good man.
25. Into the bookm old men, you will come upon much philosophy and wisdom.