Chapters 1-12 Vocab Test-Cumulative

1. Adulescens-young man
2. Asia-Asia
3. mater-mother
4. pater-father
5. principium-in the beginning
6. pro-before
7. nuper-recently
8. cado-to create
9. caput-head
10. nemo-not any
11. tu-you
12. idem-the same
13. carus-dear
14. neque-and not
15. bene-well
16. intellego-to understand
17. sentio-to feel
18. amicitia-friendship
19. hora-hour
20. senectus-old age
21. veritas-truth
22. voluptas-pleasure
23. quoniam-inasmuch as
24. audire-to hear
25. dicere-to call
26. fugere-to flee
27. invenio-to come upon
28. locus-place
29. studium-eagerness
30. ille-that
31. alius-another
32. neuter-not either
33. solus-alone
34. ullus-other
35. uter-either
36. in-into
37. Cicero-Cicero
38. frater-brother
39. liberitas-liberty
40. scriptor-writer
41. victoria-victory
42. ad-to
43. tamen-nevertheless
44. demonstro-to demonstrate
45. docere-to teach
46. gerrere-to carry on
47. traho-to draw
48. amor-love
49. civitas-citzenship
50. homo-human being
51. littera-letter
52. nomen-name
53. regina-queen
54. tempus-time
55. uxor-wife
56. virtutis-manliness
57. post-after
58. audere-to dare
59. dea-goddess
60. insidiae-plot

I'm a Curator-Part 2

The sixth picture shows a floor mosiac. This was made around the second half of the 4th century A.D.

The seventh picture shows the Tetrarches. These were made around 305 A.D.

The eighth picture shows an emperor. This was made from 361 to 363 A.D.

The ninth picture shows a Sarcophagus of Volusia. It was made around the early third century A.D.

The last picture shows a Roman glass. This was made around the late third to early fourth century A.D.

I'm a Curator-Part 1

Welcome to the Museum of Old Stuff! I will be giving you a short tour of late Roman Empire art, cause that's what they pay/tell me to do.

The first picture is of Mithras slaying the Sacred Bull. This marble sculpture was originally made around the 3rd century A.D.

The second picture is a bronze hand. This hand bears symbols of the Roman mystery cult of Dionysis.

The third picture shows a sculpture of Emperor Caraclla. It is a portrait bust in military garb.

The fourth picture shows a silver censer. It shows Gospel scenes

The fifth picture shows fragments of a statue of Constantine. This was made anytime from 313-330 A.D.

St. Augustine Post

Augustine was standing at the bow of the trireme, a gift from one of his most dedicated listeners. He had been preaching afar and was returning home with a smile of his face, though his ailment tolled him so. He could taste the salt in the air and it reminded him of the swift winds that blew in Hippo, his homeland. He had finally made it home. He decided he would praise in the temple when he returned to thank God for his surviving his sickness so far. It had been bad enough this time it forced him to return home. Land was spotted.
Within the hour he was on land again and from there he found transport home. The day was long and he had rested a time before he made his way to the temple. On his way he thought he saw dark beings on the horizon, but he disregarded it as a hallucination. As he opened the large double doors of the temple his aching bones creaked. He coughed and pain seared through his inflamed chest. He had decided he would need some time to himself to pray, so he threw a 2 x 4 on the hooks on the door to lock it.
Just as he kneeled to pray someone ran up to him from a passageway in the temple. He must have been in before Augustine locked the doors. He huffed and puffed from his run. He then gathered his wits and spoke. "Father, help, please."
"What is it you need?", inquired Augustine.
"My friend is ill and I believe you can cure him." was the reply
"I'm not sure I can, m' boy. If I could cure people I would have done so to myself by now. "
"I was told in a dream to come to you for help", stated the worried man.
Augustine now knew what to do. He stood up and was led to the worried man's sick friend. "Thank you so much", he said. "By the way, my name is Adam. My friend is Francis."
Along the walk to Francis, both Augustine and Adam thought they might have heard marching and low screams from afar, but they waved it away as little nothings in their ears. They looked at the weapons hanging on the walls and Augustine sighed. He had tried to convince the clergymen to take them down, but they just kept putting them up. When they arrived Augustine laid his hands on Francis, who looked very ill and shaken. He was bright red all over and unconscious. Augustine closed his eyes and recited the Lord's Prayer 7 times. When finished, he raised his hands. The man was looking normal again and woke up.
All were amazed, but there was little time for excitement. There was a large thumping sound from the corridor they had come from.
Augustine quickly started away to figure out the source of the noise and Adam and Francis followed. He took down a broadsword form the wall and casually walked with it to the source of the noise, the front door. He sensed danger. Adam and Francis felt it too and grabbed one-handed axes from the dusty stone walls.
This brought back to Augustine thoughts about his horrible past…
He had been the worst child a mother could know, he had done worse things than one could imagine, he had been completely horrible. He stole, he lied, he cheated, the whole 9 yards…It came to mind because he was fairly experienced with such weaponry because of these deeds.
Thank God for his mother, who prayed for him day and night the whole time…her prayers eventually came true. Augustine saw the light…
He so hoped that his fears were not true. He had heard of the Vandals pillaging and purging the area of everything, burning the cities to the ground and slaughtering all in it. He knew they were somewhat close, but they should not have arrived yet…
He would need to open a door to his terrible past, but he was afraid he would unleash something far worse than any Vandal.
They arrived at the door and it was being beaten in. They readied for the attack.
The door came down in the temple as the companions inside came down upon the Vandals. The Vandals were armed with spears, javelins, and for the elite, long swords.
Francis slashed down the closest Vandal with one swift swing, but did not regain balance in time and was taken by an elite, who took his head clean off.
Adam faired a little better, taking down two before being surrounded. He gave a valiant effort, but one axe against three javelins did no good.
During this time, Augustine had taken down 5 men and was continuing on his onslaught. He decided he was doing this for the temple, and all the religious books it contained.
Augustine stabbed one man arm and told him to leave before he was hurt even more. The man didn't listen and within seconds had a severed arm and a gash across his back. The blood flowed like the Nile. Not just because of what Augustine did to the Vandals, but what the Vandals reeked upon the city.
Augustine was regaining a thirst for such excitement. He searched out the closest elite and challenged him. For every attack of Augustine's, there was a parry by the elite. Longsword to longsword the battle was heated. Augustine faked a thrust to the left and jabbed at the right, finding a mark just below the Vandals heart. He thrust inward the elite fell. He pulled up the other sword and roared.
Augustine was crazed. The blood was as precious as ruby jewelry. He wanted more…more…
He would need some way to justify his actions, though, if he survived. He would tell them he was trying to save the town, that's it. He would look out the Vandal leader to finish it (although he wanted it to never end).
He boldly walked towards the leader, who was marked by armor far better than the rest and weaponry above all the others. The leader was atop a hill, surveying the field and aiding in the battle at the same time.
Augustine wiped the smeared blood of his swords on the ground and wiped the sweat from his face. His weak bones hesitated for a second, and cramped. He wasn't as young as before. He would probably not win this battle, but he would fight with honor.
He walked up to the leader and twirled his swords. The leader gave a gruff laugh and drew two javelins. The leader has distance, but eventually Augustine shattered the two staffs of the javelins. The leader drew a spear and a longsword, and slashed Augustine across his hip and side. Augustine beat the man across the face with the broad of one of his swords and toppled him. He crossed his swords in a X across the neck of the leader and prepared to do off with his head.
Suddenly a pain seared through Augustine above all others. A sword could be seen through his stomach. The acid spilled out from it and scorched his innards. Blood flowed from his wounds and his limp body fell over the incredulous leader.
The Vandals finished their assault and moved on, leaving a battlefield spewed with dark speckled blood and dead bodies.
Augustine's lifeless body laid with white knuckles from his grip of the swords, and he rigor mortised in that position. He was found with foam at his mouth…

Links for info:
"When did the Vandals first exist and what weapons did they use?"Online Posting. 1 Dec. 2008. Yahoo Answers. 14 Dec. 2008. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081130150746AAe4KyN
O'Donnel, James. "St. Augustine of Hippo." Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine_of_Hippo

15 Paradigm Test Chapter 12

PRESENT
laudavi
laudavisti
laudavit
laudavimus
laudavistis
laudaverunt

monui
monuisti
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
monuerunt

egi
egisti
egit
egimus
egistis
egerunt

audivi
audivisti
audivit
audivimus
audivistis
audiverunt

cepi
cepisti
cepit
cepimus
cepistis
ceperunt

PLUPERFECT
laudaveram
laudaveras
laudaverat
laudaveramus
laudaveratis
laudaverant

monueram
monueras
monuerat
monueramus
monueratis
monuerant

egeram
egeras
egerat
egeramus
egeratis
egerant

audiveram
audiveras
audiverat
audiveramus
audiveratis
audiverant

ceperam
ceperas
ceperat
ceperamus
ceperatis
ceperant

FUTURE PERFECT
laudavero
laudaveris
laudaverit
laudaverimus
laudaveritis
laudaverint

monuero
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint

egero
egeris
egerit
egerimus
egeritis
egerint

audivero
audiveris
audiverit
audiverimus
audiveritis
audiverint

cepero
ceperis
ceperit
ceperimus
ceperitis
ceperint

Crossword Score-4

Engineering Achievements

Since the beginning of the civilization, Rome has made great strides in the field of engineering. Romans constructed bridges across the Tiber River. They also made aqueducts to ensure Rome's supply of water. Romans created sewers and drainage systems to drain the Forum and keep the city healthy. These were all amazing feats at the time.

Another amazing feat is that Rome was the first place to construct roads. They then connected the Empire further by creating such pathways. These roadways were so well designed that they still are around today.

This all supports the arguement that Rome's greatest acheivement has been in the field of engineering.

Unfortunate and Abnormal Births

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Dionysus-Dionysus was born from the very thigh of his father, Zeus. This occurred after Zeus' lightning consumed Dionysus' mother, Semele.

Hades-As soon as Hades was born, he was consumed by his father. His father Kronos thought that his children would try to overthrow him and therefore ate all his children except Zeus, who was hidden from him.

Hephaestus-Hephaestus was born from Hera without intercourse with Zeus. Hera then saw how Hephaestus was a cripple, and was ashamed. She cast him down from the heavens. Hephaestus eventually gained revenge.

Zeus-When Zeus was born, Rhea hid him from Kronos. She wrapped a blanket around a rock which Kronos thought was Zeus and which Kronos ate.

Chapter 12 S.A. #1-11

1. In the beginning God created the heavens and earth; and God created humans.
2. In triumphal procession Caesar has displayed that placard: "I came, I saw, I conquered"
3. He has lived as long as he has lived well.
4. The young man wishes to live for a long time; the old man has lived long time.
5. This man has lived for a long time, but for a long time he was.
6. Whee, you consider the beautiful!
7. Sophocles has made tragedies up to extreme old age.
8. They did not pour forth this money alone but even in front of the fatherland.
9. The Romans had Reges from the beginning: liberty gave the Romans Lucius Brutus
10. However, under Caesar liberty was lost.
11. When liberty falls, nobody will dare to speak freely.

Vocab Quiz Chapter 12

1. Adulescens-young man
2. Annus-year
3. Mater-mother
4. Medicus-doctor
5. Pater-father
6. Patientia-patience
7. Principium-beginning
8. Acerbus-harsh
9. Amitto-to lose
10. Cado-to fall
Bonus: Creo-to create

A Gift Bearing Greeks

In Asia there was a great city, Troy. There lived the king Priam. Paris, the son of that man, took the beautiful Greek woman Helen. Because of that crime many Greeks came up to Asia and they were waging a bitter war for a long time with the Trojans. However, they had not been able to overcome the wall of the city. But then Epeus, one out of the Greeks, that man gave counsel: "If we make a great wooden horse and we will give to the Trojans, we go to be able to conquer: the Greeks truly conceal in the horse."
"He does not teach well," called a Greek and that man made an ambush without delay. After the battle Aeneas, leader of the Trojans, called, "We see no abundance in horses; we lead it into the city." Therefore, the Greeks were able to conquer. Bad fortune was perceived beforehand and they fleed out of our city.

Heroes-Herakles, Perseus, Theseus

Herakles was an Argonaut who left the expedition after losing his friend Hylas. Herakles showed much prowess against beasts and animals. His most difficult are named the 12 labors. Herakles died, but his father Zeus gave him a place on Mount Olympus anyway.

Perseus was the son of Zeus and slayer of Medusa, a Gorgon. Perseus rescued Andromeda, who became his wife, on the way home from this adventure. Perseus accidentally killed his grandfather, which fulfilled a prophecy.

Theseus slew the minotaur, but on his way home he made a horrible mistake. He forgot to fly the white sails of victory. His father, Aegeus, seeing black sails, killed himself, thinking that Theseus was dead. The Aegean Sea is believed to be named after his father because that is where he drowned himself.

Perseus and Pergasus

What if Perseus had tamed Pegasus after it sprang from the neck of the slain Medusa? What would have become of Bellerophon, who had an obsession with taming the beast? We begin with the slaying of Medusa…

Perseus watched as Medusa's decapitated head slid off her body. He put the Gorgon's head in his bottomless wallet and began to walk away, but as he did heard a faint neighing. He turned to see a white, winged horse stretching its wings and standing for the first time. It seemed to have sprang from the neck of the dead Medusa. This was strange. Perseus easily caught the beast and put it in his bottomless wallet as well. He intended to make it his own.

Perseus' story continues as before. He rescues Andromeda, they get married, he accidentally kills his grandfather. There is one minor difference. Every day at the time when the sun is at its highest, Perseus trains the winged beast (he named it Pergasus, partly after himself) at the foot of mount Olympus. He plans on flying to the gods at the top of the mountain.

Perseus tames the horse. He then trains it to obey him, taking off on command, turning on command. Perseus is proud of himself. He decides in that moment of pride to abandon his winged shoes on the bottom of the mountain. He decides that he will not need them any more. The next day, he plans to make his ascent.

Bellerophon, who has been stalking Perseus and observing him, finds the winged sandals. He plots to stop Perseus and make the ascent himself. Bellerophon has had a burning obsession with taming the horse, and every once in a while sneaks into Perseus' stable and talks to the horse. He now knows what he will do…

Perseus equips himself with all of the weapons and other items he had with him for his fight with Medusa. He plans to offer them to the gods, before he makes his journey. He burns all of the items, except his wallet and his sword, because they wouldn't catch fire. He decides to offer the wallet personally and to leave the sword. On command, Pergasus rises and takes flight. Perseus decides to take it easy in the beginning and move slowly.

Perseus spies a white dot below him getting bigger and bigger. Perseus had played right into Bellerophon's trap. He had even given him a sword that couldn't be bent or broken. Bellerophon reached the height of the Pergasus. Perseus begins to ask who he is and why he has his stuff when Bellerophon attacks. Perseus senses this and urges Pergasus higher. Bellerophon misses his target and plunges the sword deep into the side of Pergasus. They plummet toward the earth.

As they both hit the ground, the dead body of Pergasus lands on the incredulous-faced Bellerophon, crushing him instantly. Perseus begins to laugh. His wallet lands on the ground, empty. He stares at it curiously. He could have sworn he still had something in the wallet…What was it again?

Medusa's decapitated head lands on the ground in front of him. He turns to stone before he even realizes what had happened...


In this story, the gods have turned their back on Perseus. He had taken the beast of Poseidon which was intended for Bellerophon and had used it as his own. He had also abandoned the winged sandals of Hermes. He then dared to try to reach the top of Mount Olympus of his own accord. Living on Mount Olympus is a privilege only the gods possess and can give. Bellerophon was wronged, but was malicious. He had grown crazed in his obsession. The gods figured "two birds with one stone."

What a time for the gods to use proverbs...