BIG THING-Part 1

Honors Latin II

Midterm Big Thing

R. Richard Wojewodzki

Part I – paradigms and vocab (1 point each)

Please conjugate the following:

1. Present Active Subjunctive of laudare (laudem)

 laudem

laudes

laudet

laudemus

laudetis

laudent

2. Present Active Subjunctive of monere (moneam)

 moneam

moneas

moneat

moneamos

moneatis

moneant

3. Present Active Subjunctive of agere (agam)

 agam

agas

agat

agamus

agatis

agant

4. Present Active Subjunctive of audire (audiam)

 audiam

audias

audiat

audiamus

audiatis

audiant

5. Present Active Subjunctive of capere (capiam)

 capiam

capias

capiat

capiamus

capiatis

capiant

6. Present Active Subjunctive of esse (sim)

 sim

sis

sit

simus

sitis

sint 

7. Present Active Subjunctive of posse (possim)

possim

possis

possit

possimus

possitis

possint

8. Imperfect Active Subjunctive of posse (possem)

 possem

posses

posset

possemus

possetis

possent

9. Future Indicative Active of agere (agam)

 agam

ages

aget

agemus

agetis

agent

10. Perfect Indicative Active of agere (egi)

 egi

egisti

egit

egimus

egistis

egerunt

11. Perfect Indicative Active of audire (audivi)

 audivi

audivisti

audivit

audivimus

audivistis

audiverunt

12. Pluperfect Indicative Active of capere (ceperam)

 ceperam

ceperas

ceperat

ceperamus

ceperatis

ceperant

13. Future Perfect Indicative Active of laudare (laudavero)

 lauvero

laudveris

laudaverit

laudaverimus

laudaveritis

laudaverunt

Please decline the following:

14. porta, -ae

 porta

portae

portae

portam

porta

portae

portarum

portis

portas

portis

 

15. amicus, -i

 amicus

amici

amico

amicum

amico

amici

amicorum

amicis

amicos

amicis

16. puer, -i

 puer

pueri

puero

puerum

puero

pueri

puerorum

pueris

pueros

pueris

17. donum, -i

 donum

doni

dono

donum

dono

dona

donorum

donis

dona

donis

18. rex, regis

 rex

regis

regi

regem

rege

reges

regum

regibus

reges

regibus

19. corpus, corporis

 corpus

corporis

corpori

corpus

corpore

corpora

corporum

corporis

corpus

corporis

20. civis, civis

 civis

civis

civi

civem

cive

cives

civium

civibus

cives

civibus

21. urbs, urbis

 urbs

urbis

urbi

urbem

urbe

urbes

urbium

urbibus

urbes

urbibus

22. mare, maris

 mare

maris

mari

mare

mari

maria

marium

maris

maria

maris

23. fructus, -us

 fructus

fructus

fructui

fructum

fructu

fructus

fructorum

fructis

fructas

fructis

24. dies, -ei

 dies

diei

diei

diem

die

dies

dierum

dieis

dieas

dieis

 

25. hic, haec, hoc (masc, fem, and neut)

 hic haec hoc

huius huius huius

huic huic huic

hunc hanc hoc

hoc hac hoc

hi hae haec

horum harum horum

his his his

hos has haec

his his his

 Please write the corresponding English translation of each:

26. moenia, moenium-city walls

27. osculum, -i-eye

28. respondeo, -ere-to respond

29. cedo, -ere-to bring

30. stella, -ae-stars

31. expleo, -ere-to explore

32. luna, -ae-moon

33. princeps, principis-first

34. superus, -a, -um-above

35. sol, solis-sun

36. mensa, -ae-table

37. nox, noctis-night

38. caput, capitis-head, leader

39. nemo-nobody

40. capio, -ere-to seize

41. dico, -ere-to say

42. fugio, -ere-to flee

43. sapiens, sapientis-wise

44. ferox, ferocis-fierce

45. duco, -ere-to lead

46. credo, -ere-to believe

47. expello, -ere-to expel

48. labor, laboris-labor, work

49. neco, -are-to murder, kill

50. discipula, -ae-pupil

51. tollo, -ere-to endure

52. remaneo, remanere-to remain

53. otium, -ii-peace

54. sapientia, -ae-wisdom

55. vir, viri-man, hero

56. hodie-today

57. antiqua, -ae-ancient

58. pecunia, -ae-money

59. cogito, -are-to think

60. senatus, -us-the senate

Translation and Parsing (10 points each -- I'll take your best four.)

Please render a literal translation of the following and ID/parse each verb. 

No dictionary. 

You may use Twitter as a lifeline between yourselves; I shall be watching the feed and if it seems as though you are using it as a crutch, you'll be blocked -- so use it only in moderation.

1. An Philippus, rex Macedonum, voluisset Alexandro, filio suo, prima elementa litterarum tradi ab Aristotele, summo eius aetatis philosopho, aut hic suscepisset illud maximum officium, nisi initia studiorum pertinere ad summam sapientissime credidissent?

 -- Quintillian Institutiones Oratoriae 1.1.23. – an, interrog. conj. ‘or’ / ‘can it be that’. – Macedones, -donum m. pl. ‘Macedonians’. – pertinere ad ‘to relate to’ / ‘affect’. – summa, -ae ‘highest part’

Can it be that Philippus, the king of the Macedonians, [verb] Alexandro, his son, the first [elementa] of letters [tradi] to Aristotle, thighest of ancient philosophy, but this man [suscepisse] to that highest office, [nisi] [initia] of the students to related to the highest part of wisdom they can believe?

2. Nunc videtis quantum scelus contra rem publicam et leges nostras vobis pronuntiatum sit. -- Cicero

Now you see [quantum] sins against the republic and you choose ours you might pronounce.

3. Asia victa, dux Romanus felix multos servos in Italiam misit. – Pliny the Elder

Asia having been conquered, the happy leader of the Romans sent many servants in

to Italy.

4.       Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus,

rumoresque senum severiorum
omnes unius aestimemus assis!
soles occidere et redire possunt:
nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux,
nox est perpetua una dormienda.
da mi basia mille, deinde centum,
dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum.
dein, cum milia multa fecerimus,
conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus,
aut ne quis malus inuidere possit,
cum tantum sciat esse basiorum.

                        -- Catullus 5

We live and we love, my Lesbia

rumors and [senum severiorum]

all [unius] we estimate [assis]!

they are only able to [occidere] and [redire]

with our [semel occidit] brief light,

night is perpetual in sleep.

Give to me a thousand kisses, then one hundread,

then another thousand, then a second hundred, 

then [usque] another thousand, then one hundred.

Then, we will make many with [milia],

we will [conturbabimus] that man, we will not know,

but which he is not able to [inuidere] bad, 

with much he knows to be kisses.

5.     Themistocles ad (bellum Corcyraeum) gerendum praetor a populo 

        factus, non solum praesenti bello sed etiam reliquo tempore 

        ferociorem redidit civitatem. Nam cum pecunia publica, quae ex 

        metallis redibat, largitione magistratuum quotannis interiret, ille 

        persuasit populo ut ea pecunia classis centum navium 

        aedificaretur. Qua celeriter effecta primum Corcyraeos fregit, 

        deinde maritimos praedones consectando mare tutum reddidit. 

                      -- Nepos

Themistocles waged (the Corcyraeum War)  as the population made him praetor, not the  only [praesenti] war but even I relinquish time to his fierce [redidit] of the state. [Nam] with the public money, which he [redibat] from out of the metal mines, [largitione] the teacher [quptannis interiret] that he persuaded the population and his money [classis] one hundred ships to be [aedificaretur]. Which sharp effect the the Corcyraeos first [fregit], and then the maritime [praedones] I [consectando] the sea [tutum reddidit].

38 Latin Parses for EC on MidTerm

LATIN-ID and parse all verbs in 38 Latin, 21-28, then summarize each in a two to three sentence description

-for 5% ec on exam Wed

21. The Golden Age Returns: This is a passage from one of Virgil's Eclogues. The Fourth Eclogue depicts the return of a golden age. It is sometimes called "Messianic" because Christians in the Middle Ages identified the "puer" of the poem with Christ.

Parsed Verbs:

• Incipit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "incipere" meaning "to begin"
• Erunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Venit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
• Liberabitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "liberare" meaning "to free"
• Videbit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
• Videbitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to seem"
• Reget-3rd person singular future active indicative of "regere" meaning "to direct"
• Feret-3rd person singular future active indicative of "ferre" meaning "to bring"
• Poterit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Parabunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"

22. Cicero Reports his Victory Over Catiline: This is an excerpt from one of Cicero's four speeches against Catiline. Cicero has driven Catiline out of Rome. He now triumphantly reports to his fellow citizens what has happened.

Parsed Verbs:

• Cogitare-present active infinitive meaning "to think"
• Espulsus est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of "expellere" meaning "to expel"
• Timebatur-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "timere" meaning "to fear"
• Continebatur-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "continere" meaning "to contain"
• Manebunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "manere" meaning "to remain"
• Mittetur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "mittere" meaning "to throw"
• Videntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to seem"
• Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
• Aluerunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "alere" meaning "to nourish"
• Agere-present active infinitive meaning "to drive"

23. Watching the Orator at Work: This passage from the Brutus, a survey of Roman oratory, describes the effect that an accomplished speaker has on his audience. Cicero is the speaker.

Parsed Verbs:

• Surgit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "surgere" meaning "to rise"
• Occupatur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "occupare" meaning "to gain"
• Audire-present active infinitive meaning "to hear"
• Significant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "significare" meaning "signify"
• Vertuntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "vertere" meaning "to turn"
• Tangit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "tangere" meaning "to touch"
• Cupit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "cupere" meaning "to desire"
• Moveri-present passive infinitive meaning "to move"
• Terrentur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "terrere" meaning "to frighten"
• Flent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "flare" meaning "to fly"
• Iudicare-present active infinitive meaning "to judge"
• Poteris-2nd person singular future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able"
• Videbis-2nd person singular future active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
• Caret-3rd person singular present active indicative of "carare" meaning "to lack"
• Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Movere-present active infinitive meaning "to move"
• Videbuntur-3rd person plural future passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to be"
• Tenebuntur-3rd person plural future passive indicative of "tener" meaning "to have"

24. Caesar's Camp is Attacked by Belgians: This is a excerpt from Caesar's commentaries on the Gallic Wars (58-51 BC). It is written in an objective third person style, but puts emphasis on Caesar's skill and courage.

Parsed Verbs:

• Ducebat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "ducere" meaning "to lead"
• Collocaverat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "collocare" meaning "to put together"
• Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Commiserunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "committere" meaning "to bring together"
• Recipiebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "recipere" meaning "to recover"
• Faciebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
• Audebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "audere" meaning "to hear"
• Coeperunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "coepere" meaning "to begin"
• Latebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "latere" meaning "to lie hidden"
• Provolaverunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "provolare" meaning "to fly out"

25. The Character of Catiline's Followers: This is a passage from the second of four speeches from Cicero against Catiline. Although Catiline is already gone, several of his followers remain, and Cicero assumes they are also a threat to the security of the state.

Parsed Verbs:

• Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
• Dicit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
• Interest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "intersum" meaning "to concern"
• Timeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to terrify"
• Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Dicimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
• Parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
• Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Premuntur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "premere" meaning "to press"
• Expectant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "expectare" meaning "to expect"
• Posse-present active infinitive meaning "to be able to"
• Putant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "putare" meaning "to think"
• Sperandum est-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "sperare" meaning "to hope"
• Intellegendum est-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "intellegere" meaning "to understand"
• Vigilare-present active infinitive meaning "to be vigilant"
• Providere-present active infinitive meaning "to provide"
• Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
• Esse-present active indicative meaning "to be"
• Sperant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "sperare" meaning "to hope"

26. The Virtues of the Orator Cato: This is another excerpt from the Brutus in which Cicero laments that his contemporary orators show no interest in the "old fashioned" works of Cato. He also states how they are eager to imitate the Greek style or orators from earlier centuries.

Parsed Verbs:

• Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Legit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "legere" meaning "to read"
• Novit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "noscere" meaning "to learn"
• Mitto-1st person singular present active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to throw"
• Quaerimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "quaerere" meaning "to seek"
• Invenientur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "invenire" meaning "to come upon"
• Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
• Amantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
• Ignoratur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "ingorare" meaning "to disregard"
• Est-3rd person singular, present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Loquebantur-3rd person plural imperfect passive indicative of "loquor" meaning "to speak"
• Esse-present active infinitive meaning"to be"
• Quaerendum esse-present passive infinitive meaning "to seek"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Delectantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "delectare" meaning "to delight"
• Noverunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "noscere" meaning "to learn"
• Volunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "velle" meaning "to wish"
• Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
• Laudo-1st person singular present active indicative of "laudare" meaning "to praise"
• Nolunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "nolle" meaning "to be unwilling"

27. Old Age is Not a Time for Despair: Cicero wrote this excerpt not long before his death. It is form his philosophical treatise On Old Age. In this, Cicero argues that one's later years can still be productive and happy.

Parsed Verbs:

• Contemnendam esse-present passive infinitive meaning "to hold in contempt"
• Videt-3rd person singular present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
• Exstinguit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "estinguere" meaning "to put out"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to bee"
• Sperare-present active infinitive meaning "to hope"
• Vivere-present active infinitive meaning "to live"
• Vixerit-3rd person singular future perfect active indicative meaning "to realize"
• Video-1st person singular present active indicative of "videre" I meant that for me
• Videtur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Cedunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "cedere" meaning "to concede"
• Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Datur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Debemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "to ought to"

Two Love Poems by Catullus: Catullus wrote over 100 lyric poems on multiple subjects. Among the most inspired are those poems about his love affair with Lesbia.

28. Parsed Verbs:

• Vivamus-1st person plural present active subjunctive of "vivere" meaning "to live"
• Occidere-present active infinitive meaning "to fall"
• Aestimemus-1st person plural present active subjunctive of "Aestimare" meaning "to estimate"
• Occidere-present active infinitive meaning "to fall"
• Redire-present active infinitive meaning "to return"
• Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative, 
• Invenire-present active infinitive meaning "to come upon"
• Possit-3rd person singular present active unbelievable, and thy both check your makeup.
• Invidere-present active infinitive needs it go gread.
• Esse-present active infinitive meaning "to be"
• Possimus-1st person plural meaning "It will"
• Agere-present active infinitive meaning like 2 words out of the possible

Average Roman Family-Who

The average Roman family consisted of a father, mother, children, married sons, their family, and slaves. If children weren't married by the age of 15-16, they were punished. The father was the head of the house, who decided who his children should marry (pater familias). Women were under the control of their husbands, but also controlled how the house was run (mater familias).

Picture: http://static.squidoo.com/resize/squidoo_images/-1/draft_lens3531592module28320562photo_1240139264Roman_writing.jpg

Temple of Victory-Where

The Temple of Victory was a temple on the Palatine Hill. It was just to the east of the Temple of the Magna Mater (Great Mother). Remains of the foundation of the temple have been found. It was begun by General L. Postumius Megellus. He built it using his share of the booty after the war with the Samnites in 307 BC. It was finished in 294 BC, but rebuilt in the first century BC. The festival day was August 1.

Picture: http://www.theodora.com/wfb/photos/greece/temple_of_victory_acropolis_athens_greece_photo_gnto.jpg

Quintilian PowerPoint

This is a PowerPoint completed by Heather and I on Quintilian, the orator. Check it out!
http://www.easy-share.com/1908935303/Quintilian%20Presentation.pptx

Vulcan-From Heather's Bookmark

Vulcan is the son of Juno and Jupiter, but he husband of Maia and Venus. He was also the father of Caeculus. Vulcan was the god of fire and volcanoes. Vulcan manufactured art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. He also made the throned for the other gods on Mt. Olympus. Vulcan's Greek analogue is the god Hephaestus. He is also called Mulciber and Sethlans (Etruscan). His forge was believed to exist under Mount Aetna in Sicily. When Zeus wished to punish mankind for stealing the secrets of fire, Vulcan created Pandora out of clay for man. Vulcan has a shrine in the Forum Romanum, and his festival, Vulcanalia, occurs on August 23rd.

Picture: http://angelsfortruth.com/The%20Capitol%20Rotunda_files/apoth_mech.jpg

Quintilian Praises the Oratory of Cicero

True Roman orators are able to make Latin equal to Greek in eloquence; for I would match himself with anyone, even  Demosthenes. I think these virtues are similar: in planning, arrangement, reason, and all ten which are connected with invention. In eloquence is some difference: That thick Demosthenes, this rich Cicero, that Demosthenes always disputes with cunning, this Cicero's authority, more concern in that Demosthenes, in this Cicero more character. But Cicero seems to me to be representing strength of Demosthenes, the supply of Plato, the charm of Isocrates. For what is able to lead more carefully, to move more emphatically? What charm has been so great as ever so that even the heaviest judge might be able to stir? Not unto all which say that authority is found to be so great and to disagree is shameful and  faith is not their advocate but to have eye-witnesses that have seen. Therefore, not unjustly by his own human lifetime,  Cicero's judgment must be said to rule not unjustly form his own human lifetime, and descendants of such great glory give to Cicero a name not human, but might have eloquence. Therefore, we regard this man; this is a model we set before someone; that Demosthenes knows to make progress itself, which he learns to hold dear by Cicero.

Loci Antiqui-1st paragraph

 Autobiographical Notes by Horace

Maecenas offers no fortune of mine to you; the best Virgil and after this Varius they say which might be. And I came unto you, with little said separately (for modesty prohibited most from speaking out), I have not said I clarify father must be done with zeal but I told which I was. You respond, so that your habit is little. I depart and after nine months, you call me back and order me to be in friendly number. I lead to be this great man, the fact that I satisfied you, which you separate good from the bad not the evident father but life and pure heart.

Participle Review Chart

~~~
Active
Passive
Pres
Agens, agentis-leading
---
Perf
---
Acutus, -a, -um-about to be led
Fut
Acturus, -a, -um-about to lead

Agendus, -a, -um-about to be led

(I did the chart in OneNote, and it copied and pasted funny...)

P.S. Happy New Year!

Verb Chart Review

~~~ Active Passive
Present Am hitting/hits Is hit
Future Shall hit Shall be hit
Imperfect Was hitting Was hit
Perfect Has hit Has been hit
Future Perfect Will have hit Will have been hit
Pluperfect Had hit Had been hit

Virgil's 4th Eclogue Parsing-Review for Mid-Term

Verb Parsing

1. Incipit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "incipere" meaning "to begin"
2. Erunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
3. Venit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
4. Liberabitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "liberare" meaning "to free"
5. Videbit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. Videbitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to seem"
7. Reget-3rd person singular future active indicative of "regere" meaning "to direct"
8. Feret-3rd person singular future active indicative of "ferre" meaning "to bring"
9. Poterit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
10. Parabunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"

CH 27 SA Review

 

1. It draws my new strength: I see more clearly, but I make so much worse and I do not know why.
2. Certain songs are good; many are bad.
3. He is the best. Nothing is better, I have seen nothing more beautiful than this.
4. I hope you and this man's birthday and most others are about to drive with happiness.
5. Since planning and reckoning are in old age, our ancestors called the senate our highest council.
6. More effort and zeal should be put in domestic matters by us even in military matters.
7. Neither was the danger graver in the republic, nor the laziness greater.
8. We are wiser than those men, because we know nature is the best leader.
9. Nature asks very little, but a wise man accommodates himself to nature.
10. The greatest remedy for anger is delay.
11. Which spirits he conquers and anger he contains I do not compare, but I say he is like a god.
12. Dionysus, a tyrant of a most beautiful city, was a man of great temperance in his ways of life, and in all things was diligent and sharp. He too was fierce and unjust. Out of this affair, if we speak the truth, he seemed very wretched.
13. If I cannot turn the gods, I shall disturb Acheron.

Spartacus-Who

Spartacus was the most notable leader of the slaves in the Third Servile War. He led a major uprising against the Roman Republic. Spartacus' struggle was a fight against oppression for freedom. Spartacus was a brilliant tactician, and was winning against Rome, so more and people flocked to him. Crassus was given the charge of quelling the revolt. Spartacus died fighting Crassus, who had driven him south with the Roman Legions and defeated him.

Picture: http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/28569_Spartacus.jpg

Interesting Fact of Rome (7)

 31. in 695, Leontius, the leader of the rebellious Constantinipolitans, seized emperor Justinian II and had his nose cut off, in the belief that Justinian II would not try for the throne again. three years later, Leontius was overthrown by General Tiberius, who had Leontius' nose cut off. Seven years after that, Justinian II retook the throne and had Leontius and Tiberius publicly humiliated and executed.
32. In the ninth century, Vikings were raiding Constantinople at the mouth of the Black Sea.
33. in 1014, Emperor Basil II wished to end the 40 year long war with the Bulgarians. He blinded all but 150 out of 15,00 prisoners, the 150 were blinded in only one eye, and sent them home with a one-eyed leader to Ohrid, whose ruler Samuel, had received word that his army was returning. He rushed to meet them, and at the sight of his thousands of blind men, Samuel suffered a stroke and died. Basil II received the title Baroktonis, meaning "slayer of Bulgarians."

P.S. Merry Christmas!!!

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (6)

 26. The plague that swept through much of the civilized world in 542-543 AD was said by Procopius to have killed 10,000 people daily in Constantinople at its height. Emperor Justinian caught the plague but recovered.
27. In 554, Narses destroyed the Ostrogoths and took back Roman control of Italy. He was 90 years old.
28. Emperor Justinian bribed two Persian monks to take silkworm eggs and bring them back to Constantinople. Silk production began in 550 AD.
29. Since 5622, the Hagia Sophia cathedral at Constantinople has held the largest self-supporting dome, in an acting seismic region.
30. An authentic "lost weapon" is Greek fire, used in Constantinople against the Muslims in the seventh and ninth centuries.

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (5)

 21. Cyprus was an important mining center, but for unknown reasons, was shut down by the Romans. Later in the 20th century, an American rediscovered them, and Cyprus is important in mining again.
22. The Byzantines never called themselves the Byzantines, the name came from Byzantium, the former name of the city Constantinople.
23. The Roman Empire and Persia signed "the Endless Peace" treaty in 533, and were at war seven years later.
24. In 534, Dennis the Little created the system of counting years still used today by starting with the birth of Christ.
25. In 537, Emperor Jutsinian held a banquet for which 6,000 sheep, 1,000 oxen, 1,000 pigs, 1,000 chickens, and 500 deer were slaughtered.

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (4)

16.  When the Roman Empire "fell" in the fifth century, it was only the Eastern half of the continent.
17. The Italian city Ravenna was on the coast of the Adriatic. Honorius made this city the capital of the Western Roman Empire.
18. Roman Emperor Theosdosius built a triple wall from the Golden Horn to the Sea of Marmara. 
19. The word "mile" comes form the Roman milia meaning "thousands."
20. The Romans used poisonous led as a sweetening agent.

Picture:http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (3)

11.  When the Romans built Hadrian's wall, they included a moat inside and outside the wall. The purpose of this, is to be determined, but soon after the wall was built, the Romans filled the inner moat in.
12. Emperor Commodus fought and won 11 battles in the gladiatorial arena.
13. One of the worst Roman emperors was Heliogabulus. He replaced the gods of Syrian Gods.
14.  Dependence on slave labor was one of the downfalls of the Roman Empire.
15. In the fourth century, twenty great families in six large clans owned most of the land in Gaul

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (2)

 6. Emperor Nero's last words were "Qualis artifex pereo", meaning "what an artist dies within me."
7. In the first hundred days of the Colosseum in Rome in 80 AD, over 5,000 animals were killed, including: elephants, tigers, lions, elks, hyenas, hippopotamuses, and giraffes.
8. The amount of people able to fit in the Colosseum is to be debated, but 45,000 is generally the accepted figure.
9. At the peak of the Roman Empire, the size of Rome was about the size that the US is now.
10. The empire was know together by 18,000 of roads.

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_

5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

Interesting Facts of Rome (1)

1. After its rebuilding by Caesar, the Circus Maximus housed 250,000 people.
2. Virgil's quest for perfection almost lead posterity not to inherit the Aeneid, as he did not wish for it to be published, but burned, as it was "not polished." Augustus stepped in and countermanded this request, and published the Aenied.
3. Gauis Caesar was so hated he was killed by one of his own gaurds.
4. Caligula had a favorite horse with a golden goblet for wine.
5. The first volume of recipes was first published in 62 AD by Apicius. It was titled De Re Coquinaria.

Picture: http://static-p4.fotolia.com/jpg/00/05/69/83/400_F_5698347_3m9W3rquzoXyQmXvcLul4SI7mLYbSV6M.jpg

When in Rome-When

 "When in Rome, do as the Romans do"

Many often hear this phrase, but what does it really mean? The statement mean that when in new environments, try to follow the customs and traditions of the area, often used when speaking of heading to foreign countries. This is to avoid conflict that could arise from not knowing the culture. A popular story thought to hold the key to this mystery, is that when St. Augustine asked St. Ambrose to go on a mission to Rome, he didn't know what holy day to follow to fast, as Romans held it on a different day. St. Augustine wisely told Ambrose, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."

Picture: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/04/28/article-1017063-0101159700000578-232_468x395.jpg

Hippocampi-What

The hippocampus is the mythological creature shared by Greek and Phoenician mythology, though the name is purely Greek, meaning "horse" and "monster." It is often called a sea-horse in English. Typically the horse is the front part and a coiling, scaly, fish-like tail. The hippocampus became a part of Etruscan mythology, which affects Roman mythology. Neptune often drives a sea-chariot pulled by hippocampi.
Link: http://www.theoi.com/image/P12.4BThetis.jpg

SPQR-Who

SPQR is an initialism for the Latin phrase "the Senate and People of Rome." It refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It was used as the official signature of the government. It appears on coins, documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and was emblazoned on the standards of the Roman Legions. The phrase also appears many times in Roman literature.

Link: http://www.novaroma.org/vici/images/thumb/400px-Spqr-big-trans.gif

Titans-What

 The Titans were: Kronos, Koios, Krios, Hyperion, Iapetos, Okeanos, Ouranos, and Gaia. They ruled the cosmos before the Olympians came to power. Hyperion, Koios, Krios, and Iapetos were all posted at the 4 corners of the world, and the Cyclopes and Hekatonkheires were placed in the pit of Tartaros.
A prophecy was told that Kronos' children would overthrow him. Therefore, he ate all of his children as soon as they were born. When Zeus was born, Rhea gave to Kronos, the Titan-king, a rock to eat instead. When Zeus grew up he made Kronos disgorge his siblings, who, being immortal, were still alive. The gods then overthrew the Titans.

Pictures: http://www.fashion-res.com/EX/10-08-03/The%2520Battle%2520Betwee
n%2520the%2520Gods%2520a
nd%2520the%2520Titans.jpg
-http://www.theoi.com/Titan/
Titanes.html

Latin (FAIL) Review for Mid-term *cough fail cough*

A.
 ID and translate each Ablative Absolute and Passive Periphrastic-> Sententiae Antiquae-> page159
1. Carthago delenda est-Passive Periphrastic
2. Asia victa-Ablative Absolute
3. Omnibus ferro militis perterritis-Ablative Absolute
4. Quidquid dicendum est-Ablative Absolute
5. Sananda sunt-Passive Periphrastic
6. Augusto terras tenente-Ablative Absolute
7. Tarquinio expulso-Ablative Absolute
8. Regenda sunt-Passive Periphrastic

B. 
 ID and Parse each participle-> Sententiae Antiquae-> page 152-> ex. laudans-present active participle
1. Oppressus- future passive participle
2. Tendentes-present passive participle
3. Sitiens-present active participle
4. Fugientia-present active participle
5. Futurarum-future active participle
6. Capta-perfect passive participle
7. Fugienti-present active participle
8. Educandum-future passive participle
9. Scripturus-future active participle
10. Dicturi-future active participle
11. Audituros-future active participle
12. Legens-present active participle
13. Factorum-future active participle
14. Timens-present active participle
15. Iussus-perfect passive participle

16. Emissum-perfect passive participle

C.
 ID the verbs that introduce the indirect statements-> Sententiae Antiquae-> pages 167-168
1. Negavit
2. Pronuntiatis, scivisti
3. Sentis
4. Vidi
5. Cerno
6. Credo
7. Sciebam
8. Nuntiavit
9. Dico
10. Vidisse
11. Putabat
12. Negant
13. Negavi
14. Credo
15. Dicere
16. Aiunt

D.
 ID and translate jussives-> Sententiae Antiquae-> page 191
1. Ducat-let it command
2. Cedant-let them concede
5. Rapiamus-

Temple of Peace-Where

The Temple of Peace (AKA Forum of Peace) was built by Vespasian. It was built with the spoils of the Jewish War after the fall of Jerusalem in 71 AD. The temple was dedicated in 75 AD, and it was one of the most impressive monuments in the city. It was located north of the Basilica Aemilia that was in an area of the city that hadn't recovered from the great fire of 64 AD. The forum included a plaza with garden, a temple, and a library, within which were placed many of the treasures from Jerusalem. Vespasian brought multitudes of important works of art from all of Rome to the temple. He made the collection available for the enjoyment of the public.

Picture: http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/images/RomeFora/Vespacian%20with%20Temple%20of%20Peace.jpg

79 AD-When

Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD. The long, catastrophic eruption lasted 2 days. Pompeii was buried under 60 ft of ash and pumice. Herculaneum, its sister city, was also destroyed and completely buried. Pompeii was lost for almost 1,700 years, until is was accidentally discovered in 1748. Pompeii is now a ruined and partially buried town-city near Naples, in Campania, in the comune of Pompei (sic). It now provides insight into the life of a city at the height of the Roman Empire.

Picture: http://www.dogsofpompeii.com/images/pompeii_temple_of_jupiter.jpg

Ambigrams-What

An ambigram is a typographical design that may be read as one or more words not only in the form presented, but from a different viewpoint, direction, or orientation.The words could be the same or different from the original words. All of the above ambigrams are rotational ambigrams, meaning if you turn them 180 degrees, you see the same word again. "Ambire" in Latin means "to go round, visit in rotation, inspect, circle"

For an ambigram generator, check out: http://www.flipscript.com/ambigram-generator.aspx

Why Did Pygmies Fight Cranes?

Pygmies were an African tribe who  lived on the southern shores of the great, earth encircling river. They were engaged in eternal war with flocks of migrating cranes. Pygmies were short, dark-skinned men who grew to be the foot of one pygmy. Pygmy was a unit of measure from the length of a man's elbow to knuckle bone (about 1 and 1//2 ft). The pygmies lived in India and sub-Saharan Africa

Picture: http://www.theoi.com/Phylos/Pygmaioi.html

Domus Augustana-Where

The Domus Augustana was the principal residence of the emperors in Rome from the late 1st to 3rd centuries AD. It covered an enormous area on the southeastern side of the Palatine. This structure dates to the time of Domitian (AD 51-96). It was designed by his architect, Rabirius. The Domus Augustana sits on massive terraces where the House of Griffins and Nero's Domus Transitoria were buried. The upper level was for public places (ex. reception, banquet halls).  The lower level was for the private quarters of the imperial family. It was located inside of the Circus Maximus, the Hippodrome, and the Septizodium.

Picture: http://maquettes-historiques.net/R93.jpg

Definition of a Hero

A hero is one who makes a positive difference in someone else's life. This could be in the form of the garden variety superheroes like Superman, Spiderman, Wonder Woman, etc. It could also be one of the great heroes of Greek mythology, like Perseus, Heracles, and Achilles who are eventually deified. Then there are the less known heroes, the person who saves a child from a life of crime and redirects him towards good, or the person in the bank during the robbery who takes down the robber before he strikes, or all the policemen/policewomen and firefighters from 9/11, or the soldiers in Iraq who gave their lives for their country. A hero is one who is selfless for the good of others. Heroes may not always succeed. Maybe the man trying to stop the robber gets shot, but that doesn't make him any less of a hero. The thought and act of self-sacrifice, courage, altruism, and moral good were there.
Heroes are not the ones who score the game-winning touchdown or make the last goal in their soccer game to win it, they are the ordinary people who do extraordinary things. Heroes don't necessarily have to be the big, courageous, strong types either. The person who donates his time and efforts to Manna House, for example, is a hero of his own.
Heros are also not those who do the act of heroism just for the credit. They are those who never want the credit.
A hero is one who does great deeds for the benefit of others. A hero makes a difference.

Picture: http://sojournproject.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/super_hero.jpg

Satyrs-What

In Greek mythology, satyrs are deities of woods and mountains. They are half man, half goat. The upper half of the body is human, while the lower half has a goat's tail, flanks, and hooves. Even though the upper part of the body is human, they also have the horns of a goat. Many satyrs are the companions of Dionysus, god of wine. They spend their time drinking, dancing, and chasing nymphs.

Picture:http://www.elfwood.com/art/s/a/sarabean/satyrs.jpg

Chapter 28 Optional (yet not so optional) Exercises

1. Other than fact, but could become fact
2. More common
3. -e, -a
4. Jussive
5. Purpose
6. Jussive
7. No
8. Subjunctive labels
1. He will send
2. Subjunctive-3rd sing
3. He is sending
4. Subjunctive-3rd sing
5. He gives
6. Subjunctive-3rd plural
7. They believe
8. They will believe
9. They move
10. Subjunctive-3rd plural
11. We shall be heard
12. Subjunctive-1st plural
13. We are heard
14. Subjunctive-2nd sing
15. You are seizing
16. You will seize
17. They are known
18. They shall be known
19. Subjunctive-3rd plural
20. You are freed
21. Subjunctive-2nd plural
22. You will be freed
23. They are destroyed
24. Subjunctive-3rd plural
25. You will be conquered
26. You are conquered
27. Subjunctive-2nd sing
28. We say
29. We shall say
30. Subjunctive-1st plural
9. Let the leader come. We are waiting for him.
10. Let the lowly citizens depart from our state so that we may live in leisure.

Themis-Who

Themis was the Greek Titan goddess of divine law and order (the traditional rules of conduct first established by the gods). She was also a prophetic goddess who presided over Delphoi. Themis was the divine voice (themistes). She first instructed mankind in the primal laws of justice and morality. Themis was an early bride of Zeus, and is often represented seated next to him, advising him.

Picture:http://www.theoi.com/image/T8.1Themis.jpg

Chapter 28 SA

1. Let reason lead, not luck.
2. Let arms yield to the toga.
3. Leave the city so that I might not be suppressed by fear and weapons.
4. One thin must be done immediately in order to have the greatest peace and solace.
5. Let us take the opportunity from the day, my friends.

Why did Talos Patrol the Island?

Talos was a giant, living bronze automaton. He was forged by Hephaestus, and Zeus presented him to his lover Europa to protect her. Zeus then sent Europa to the island to Crete, where Talos patrolled the shores for pirates, etc. 3 times a day. If anyone tried landing, he would pelt them with rocks or put them in a a fiery death embrace. Talos was eventually killed with magic from Medea.

Picture: http://goremasterfx.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/talos.jpg

The Temple of Heliogabulus-Where

The Temple of Heliogabulus was dedicated to the Syrian sun god Heliogabulus. It was built near the imperial palace on the Palatine. It was built by the emperor Elagabulus. Elagabulus moved sacred objects from Roman temples to here. After Elagabulus' assassination, Alexander Severus rededicated the temple to Jupiter Ultor (Jupiter "the Avenger")

Picture: http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/sun.jpg

First Samnite War (343-341 BC)-When

This war was fought between the Roman Republic and Samnium. The First Samnite War was short, and was marked by Roman victories. This ended after 2 years with the Romans winning over the Samnites. The war with these hill people was ended in a hasty peace, as the Romans were also dealing with other tribes trying to fight Rome.

Picture: http://www.heritage-history.com/books/church/rome/front2.gif

Manticore-What

The Manticore was a man-eating Persian monster. It had the body of a lion, the face of a man, and a spike-tipped arrow-shooting tail. "Manticore" was derived from the Persian for "man eater".

Picture: http://www.theoi.com/image/pictures-manticore.jpg