Crossword Score-4

Engineering Achievements

Since the beginning of the civilization, Rome has made great strides in the field of engineering. Romans constructed bridges across the Tiber River. They also made aqueducts to ensure Rome's supply of water. Romans created sewers and drainage systems to drain the Forum and keep the city healthy. These were all amazing feats at the time.

Another amazing feat is that Rome was the first place to construct roads. They then connected the Empire further by creating such pathways. These roadways were so well designed that they still are around today.

This all supports the arguement that Rome's greatest acheivement has been in the field of engineering.

Unfortunate and Abnormal Births

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Dionysus-Dionysus was born from the very thigh of his father, Zeus. This occurred after Zeus' lightning consumed Dionysus' mother, Semele.

Hades-As soon as Hades was born, he was consumed by his father. His father Kronos thought that his children would try to overthrow him and therefore ate all his children except Zeus, who was hidden from him.

Hephaestus-Hephaestus was born from Hera without intercourse with Zeus. Hera then saw how Hephaestus was a cripple, and was ashamed. She cast him down from the heavens. Hephaestus eventually gained revenge.

Zeus-When Zeus was born, Rhea hid him from Kronos. She wrapped a blanket around a rock which Kronos thought was Zeus and which Kronos ate.

Chapter 12 S.A. #1-11

1. In the beginning God created the heavens and earth; and God created humans.
2. In triumphal procession Caesar has displayed that placard: "I came, I saw, I conquered"
3. He has lived as long as he has lived well.
4. The young man wishes to live for a long time; the old man has lived long time.
5. This man has lived for a long time, but for a long time he was.
6. Whee, you consider the beautiful!
7. Sophocles has made tragedies up to extreme old age.
8. They did not pour forth this money alone but even in front of the fatherland.
9. The Romans had Reges from the beginning: liberty gave the Romans Lucius Brutus
10. However, under Caesar liberty was lost.
11. When liberty falls, nobody will dare to speak freely.

Vocab Quiz Chapter 12

1. Adulescens-young man
2. Annus-year
3. Mater-mother
4. Medicus-doctor
5. Pater-father
6. Patientia-patience
7. Principium-beginning
8. Acerbus-harsh
9. Amitto-to lose
10. Cado-to fall
Bonus: Creo-to create

A Gift Bearing Greeks

In Asia there was a great city, Troy. There lived the king Priam. Paris, the son of that man, took the beautiful Greek woman Helen. Because of that crime many Greeks came up to Asia and they were waging a bitter war for a long time with the Trojans. However, they had not been able to overcome the wall of the city. But then Epeus, one out of the Greeks, that man gave counsel: "If we make a great wooden horse and we will give to the Trojans, we go to be able to conquer: the Greeks truly conceal in the horse."
"He does not teach well," called a Greek and that man made an ambush without delay. After the battle Aeneas, leader of the Trojans, called, "We see no abundance in horses; we lead it into the city." Therefore, the Greeks were able to conquer. Bad fortune was perceived beforehand and they fleed out of our city.

Heroes-Herakles, Perseus, Theseus

Herakles was an Argonaut who left the expedition after losing his friend Hylas. Herakles showed much prowess against beasts and animals. His most difficult are named the 12 labors. Herakles died, but his father Zeus gave him a place on Mount Olympus anyway.

Perseus was the son of Zeus and slayer of Medusa, a Gorgon. Perseus rescued Andromeda, who became his wife, on the way home from this adventure. Perseus accidentally killed his grandfather, which fulfilled a prophecy.

Theseus slew the minotaur, but on his way home he made a horrible mistake. He forgot to fly the white sails of victory. His father, Aegeus, seeing black sails, killed himself, thinking that Theseus was dead. The Aegean Sea is believed to be named after his father because that is where he drowned himself.

Perseus and Pergasus

What if Perseus had tamed Pegasus after it sprang from the neck of the slain Medusa? What would have become of Bellerophon, who had an obsession with taming the beast? We begin with the slaying of Medusa…

Perseus watched as Medusa's decapitated head slid off her body. He put the Gorgon's head in his bottomless wallet and began to walk away, but as he did heard a faint neighing. He turned to see a white, winged horse stretching its wings and standing for the first time. It seemed to have sprang from the neck of the dead Medusa. This was strange. Perseus easily caught the beast and put it in his bottomless wallet as well. He intended to make it his own.

Perseus' story continues as before. He rescues Andromeda, they get married, he accidentally kills his grandfather. There is one minor difference. Every day at the time when the sun is at its highest, Perseus trains the winged beast (he named it Pergasus, partly after himself) at the foot of mount Olympus. He plans on flying to the gods at the top of the mountain.

Perseus tames the horse. He then trains it to obey him, taking off on command, turning on command. Perseus is proud of himself. He decides in that moment of pride to abandon his winged shoes on the bottom of the mountain. He decides that he will not need them any more. The next day, he plans to make his ascent.

Bellerophon, who has been stalking Perseus and observing him, finds the winged sandals. He plots to stop Perseus and make the ascent himself. Bellerophon has had a burning obsession with taming the horse, and every once in a while sneaks into Perseus' stable and talks to the horse. He now knows what he will do…

Perseus equips himself with all of the weapons and other items he had with him for his fight with Medusa. He plans to offer them to the gods, before he makes his journey. He burns all of the items, except his wallet and his sword, because they wouldn't catch fire. He decides to offer the wallet personally and to leave the sword. On command, Pergasus rises and takes flight. Perseus decides to take it easy in the beginning and move slowly.

Perseus spies a white dot below him getting bigger and bigger. Perseus had played right into Bellerophon's trap. He had even given him a sword that couldn't be bent or broken. Bellerophon reached the height of the Pergasus. Perseus begins to ask who he is and why he has his stuff when Bellerophon attacks. Perseus senses this and urges Pergasus higher. Bellerophon misses his target and plunges the sword deep into the side of Pergasus. They plummet toward the earth.

As they both hit the ground, the dead body of Pergasus lands on the incredulous-faced Bellerophon, crushing him instantly. Perseus begins to laugh. His wallet lands on the ground, empty. He stares at it curiously. He could have sworn he still had something in the wallet…What was it again?

Medusa's decapitated head lands on the ground in front of him. He turns to stone before he even realizes what had happened...


In this story, the gods have turned their back on Perseus. He had taken the beast of Poseidon which was intended for Bellerophon and had used it as his own. He had also abandoned the winged sandals of Hermes. He then dared to try to reach the top of Mount Olympus of his own accord. Living on Mount Olympus is a privilege only the gods possess and can give. Bellerophon was wronged, but was malicious. He had grown crazed in his obsession. The gods figured "two birds with one stone."

What a time for the gods to use proverbs...

Chapter 10 Test part 2

Nisus and Euryalus
Aeneas was leading the Trojans against the Rutulians. While it was night and the troops were sleeping, the leaders of the Trojans of the camps were having a planning session. Nisus and Euryalus, Trojan youth, dared to come. "Oh great men", says Nisus, "if you send Euryalus with me to the Rutulian camp, not only will we kill many men, but we will also snatch much loot out of that; for sleep has them." I praise the spirit and the courage of these rough youth!' called out Ilius, the son of Aneas. "Good-bye!"

Now Nis and Euryalus come into the camp of the Rutulians. They kill one, then many others. Euryalus antches a decoration, the other helmet. With that loot they flee. But Volcens, the leader of the Rutulians, sees those Trojans and calls the other Rutulians. The splendor of that helmet leads them to Euryalus. Nisus sees this danger and dares to protect his friend. He kills Volcen, but before that he kills Euryalus. Then they overcome the other Nisus; that body falls on top of the body of Euryalus.

Vergilius writes this whole story and these Trojans get perpetual fame.

Aurora and Tithonus
the goddess Aurora was loving Tithonus, a handsome hero. Therefore, she goes to Jupiter: "Oh king of hte gods", she says, "hear me!" My Tithonus is not a god; after a few years he will come to old age. If you will give that man perpetual life, I will always praise you." Foolish Aurora! You do not see the great danger of that gift. Jupiter gives Tithonus immortality, but that man, as long as he lives, he grows old. Time flies: Aurora is beutiful, Tithonus is not handsome. The body is no longer well,it is wrinkled and bent; his wisdom in spirit does not remain. What will Aurora do? Will she be able to restore the form of Tithonus? She thinks and takes consultation: Oh Tithouns, my love! You will change into a cricket; then you are able to bable wihtout blame. You live in that cage, I always love you."

Test Chapter 10-part 1

Present, Future, Imperfect of Audire-to hear

audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt

audiam
audies
audiet
audiemus
audietis
audient

audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
audiebamus
audiebatis
audiebant

Perseus~Slayer of Medusa!

In Greek mythology, Perseus was the hero who slayed the Gorgon Medusa. Perseus was the son of Zeus, and the grandson of the king of Argos, Acrisius. Acrisius was warned that he would be killed by his grandson, and he cast Perseus an his mother into the sea. They drifted to Seriphus where Perseus grew to manhood and was eventually sent away by Polydectes (king of Seriphus). Polydectes feared that Perseus might interfere with his plans and gave him a mission to bring back the head of the Gorgon Medusa, whose glance could turn men to stone.

Aided by Hermes, the messenger god, Perseus used winged sandals, a magic wallet, an invisibility cap, a sword that couldn't be broken, and a shield that could protect him form being turned to stone. Perseus found Medusa, killed her, put her head in his bottomless wallet, used the invisibility cap to get away from the other Gorgons, and used the winged sandals to fly towards home.

On his way home, Perseus rescued the princess Andromeda from being sacrificed to a sea monster. He then wed her. Once home, Perseus used Medusa's head to turn Polydectes to stone and saved his mother. They all returned to Greece, where Perseus accidentally killed his grandfather Acrisius, fulfilling the prophecy.

Perseus achieved his kleos for his heroic deeds.

Aurora and Tithonus

The goddess Aurora loved Tithonus, a handsome hero. Therefore, she came to Jupiter: " Oh king of the gods," she says, "hear me! My Tithonus was not a god; a few years afterwards he will come to old age. If you will give the perpetual life to this man, I will always praise you." Foolish Aurora! You do not see the great danger of that gift. Jupiter gave Tithonus immortality, but that man, as long as he lives, he will grow old. He flees time; now pretty Aurora, Tithonus is not handsome. The body wrinkled and bent, he is no longer well; wisdom in spirit does not remain. What does Aurora accomplish? Will she be able to restore the form of Tithonis? She thinks and takes consultation: "Oh Tithonus, my love! You change into a cricket; then you will be able to babble without fault. You live from this woman in a cage, and you I always love."

Nisus and Euryalus

Aeneas lead the Trojans against the Rutulians. As long as it was night and the troops were sleeping , they were holding the leader of the Trojans in camp planning session. Beside these men Nisus and Euryalus, Trojan youth, dare to come. "Oh, great men". Says Nisus, "if you all send me with Euryalus beside the camp of the Rutulians, not alone we will kill many humans, but also much loot we snatch out of those camps; those truly have sleep." "I praise the spirits and courage of the rough youth!", Iulus exclaimed, that son of Aeneas. "Good-bye!"
Now Nisus and Euryalus come into the camp of the Rutulians. They kill one, then many another. Euryalus snatches one decoration, the other helmet. With this loot they flee. But Volcens, the leader of the Rutulians, saw those Trojans and another Rutulus call. He leads those men beside brightness that the helmets. Nisus sees and dares this man into danger to preserve the friend. He killed Volcens, but before that he killed Euryalus. Then they vanquished the other, Nisus; this man falls on top of the body of Euryalus.
By the tale of the woman Vergilius writes and by the Trojans he ought to the tale is perpetual.

The Incomparable Value of Friendship

I am able to compare nothing with friendship; man says they give nothing. Some give money; others sane body; others fame and glory; others pleasure-but these men excessively wander, since those women are uncertain and out of fortune they come, not out of wisdom. Friendship, in fact, out of wisdom and love and good death and virtue comes; without virtue friendship is not able to be. If you have no friends, you have the life of a tyrant; if you come upon a true friend, your life is happy.

Chapter 10 S.A.

1. Avoid the desire of money and glory.
2. I shall accomplish my duty.
3. Your fame and the life of your sons will come into danger tomorrow.
4. Life is not to live, but to have power.
5. I always begin to always call the great with fear.
6. If you lead me, Muse, I shall take the great crown with praise.
7. Live mindful of death, flee the hour.
8. Seize, friends, the opportunity of the hour.
9. Few come to old age.
10. But flee, meanwhile, flee the time.
11. They will come upon the way fate.
12. Good true nature, not rank, it makes.
13. Compliance produces friends; truth produces hate.

Vocab Quiz Chapter 9

1. amicitia-friendship
2. cupiditas-desire
3. hora-hour
4. natura-nature
5. senectus-old age
6. timor-fear
7. veritas-truth
8. via-way
9. voluptas-pleasure
10. beatis-happy
11. audire-to listen
12. capio-to take
13. facio-to make, do

Chapter 9 Test part 2- S.A. odd and Laocoon and the Trojan horse

S.A.
1. Where am I able to see the famous women now?
3. I give the palm branch of victory to this counsel.
5. Only this man is able to assist.
7. These men truly think about the ruin of this state and the entire world.
9. No alone outcome leads to this-that schoolmaster is foolish!-but even with judgement.

Laocoon and the Trojan Horse
The greek were waging war with the Trojans. The great wooden horse they left behind under the Trojan city gate at night. The Trojans the horse there. "The Greeks dedicate a horse to Minerva", they said. "If we shall lead the gift of the Greeks into the goddess' temple, we shall have peace and live with good fortune." But Laocoon, the great priestess of courage and wisdom, dares to advise the people: "You think without reason, oh Trojans! If they are adundant in the horse, we are in great danger. You ought never to trust the Greeks, for Greeks are always deceitful." Then he hit the horse with a spear. Minerva' anger is great; the goddess sends two serpents oout from the sea. Oh, unfortunate Laocoon! The two evil serpent sons strike you and strangle you! The Trojans are afraid of the goddess; they lead the horse into the city. The reason of Laocoon teaches nothing to the Trojans.

Chapter 9 Test part 1-paradigms

ille-that

Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative ille illa illud

genitive illius illius illius

dative illi illi illi

accusative illum illam illud

ablative illo illa illo



Plural

nominative illi illae illa

genitive illorum illarum illorum

dative illis illis illis

accusative illos illas illa

ablative illis illis illis



hic-this

singular Masculine Feminine Neuter

nominative hic haec hoc

genitive huius huius huius

dative huic huic huic

accusative hunc hanc hoc

ablative hoc hac hoc

plural

nominative hi hae haec

genitive horum harum horum

dative his his his

accusative hos has haec

ablative his his his

Augustus to Nero

Augustus-the single most important figure in Roman history; put an end to the advancing decay of the Republic and provided a new basis for government; he negotiated the dangerous seas of the last part of the Roman Revolution with skill and foresight

Tiberius-his reign is an important one for the Principate (formed by Augustus); his reign abounded in contradictions; he oversaw no new conquest

Gaius (Caligula)-he has the most poorly documented reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty; Gaius was a crazed megalomaniac given to harebrained schemes; he had his co-heir killed within the first few months of Tiberius' death so that he could take the throne

Claudius I-In an age that despised weakness, Claudius was at a disadvantage; he limped, drooled, stuttered, and was constantly ill; Claudius' reign was a mixture of successes and failures

Nero-one of the worst emperors of all; he reigned more than three times as long as Gaius; Nero was a great persecutor of Christians

Pictures of the Pantheon

THE PANTHEON

Chapter 9 S.A. 2-9, optional exercises 5-19

S.A.
2. This man leads that maiden into marriage.
3. I give the palm branch of victory to this plan.
4. We truly love the courage of that man.
5. Only you are able to help this man.
6. The penalty will alleviate any of this disease of the state, but the danger will always remain.
7. Those, in fact, think down from the exit those states and the whole circle of the world.
8. None are either place human in this land.
9. You teach not alone this event.

Optional Exercises
5. These men will lead (lead, were leading) the entire state.
6. That man will see (sees, saw) these things in that land.
7. In that book he will write (I shall write, I was writing) those things about this.
8. One man is leading (will lead) those forces into this land
9. The schoolmaster gives these things to the other boy.
10. We are writing (will write) this book about another war.
11. The whole country thanks (will thank, was thanking) this man alone.
12. They are now giving their entire attention to that plan.
13. The friends of this man will save this state by that plan.
14. The other friend will lead entire life in another land.
15. This man alone was able to warn me about the faults of this tyrant.
16. You had no forces in the other land.
17. Those men alone see no dangers in this plan.
18. You dare to praise not only the character but also the treachery of that man.
19. Truly, on account of the treachery of one man this state was not strong.