Latin Phone Numbers!

1410 817 4765-MCDX DCCXVII MMMMDCCLXV
1443 677 3059-MCDXLIII DCLXXVII MMMLIX
1443 564 8456-MCDXLIII DLXIV MMMMMMMMCDLVI
MMMMMMMMMCMXCIX
Football-superbowl
Bottom of sheet music
Clocks
Outlines _
5,000- V _
100, 000- X _
500, 000- D _
1,000,000- M

The Gallic War-Julius Caesar

These are the 2nd and 3rd groups of sentences that we were supposed to do.

All these differ from each other in language, customs, and laws. The Garumna River divides the Gauls from the Aquitani, and the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgians.

Of all these the Belgae are the strongest, because they are the farthest from the civilization and refinement of our province, and merchants least often resort to them and import those things that tend to effeminate the mind,

Vocab Quiz-Chapter 16

1. aetas-life
2, auditor-listener
3. clementia-mercy
4. mens-mind
5. satura-satire
6. acer-sharp
7. brevis-brief
8. celer-swift
9. dificillis-difficult
10. dulcis-sweet
11. facillis-easy
12. fortis-strong

Roman Baths-Not quite the same as today...

Public baths (thermae) were all over Rome. They were in large cities and small towns alike. Under the Republic they had hot, warm, and cold-water baths (caldaria, tepidaria, frigidaria). Alongside these baths were the exercise areas (palaestra). The baths near Pompeii's forum (75 BC) are an excellent example of the early type of public baths. Under the empire these structures became grander. Sone examples of these new baths are the Baths of Caracalla (ca. AD 217) in Rome. These also included libraries, lecture halls, and vast vaulted public spaces. They were decorated with statues, mosaics, painting, and stuccos.

Chapter 15 S.A., #'s 1-9

1. I have long been on that ship and because of the storm and the clouds, I kept expecting death.
2. We came up to that city in seven hours.
3. Italy was abundant in the Greek arts at those times, and many Romans cultivated these arts.
4. They kept hesitating between war and peace.
5. In that time, I was driving that man into the city.
6. Each miserable kept saying : "I am a Roman citizen."
7. My girl used to love her sparrow, and the sparrow chirped to her only and it did not move from her lap.
8. My sons used to esteem my brother, they avoided me; they called me a bitter father and awaited my death. Now on the other hand, I changed my morals have changed and I will draw two sons to me tomorrow
9. The tyrant Dionysius, because the head barber kept fearing to commit, he taught his daughters to cut his beard and hair, so the maidens cut their father's hair and beard.

Chapter 15-Numeral Test ='(

Part I-Roman Numerals for 1-23, +50 +90
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
6. VI
7. VII
8. VIII
9. IX
10. X
11. XI
12. XII
13. XIII
14. XIV
15. XV
16. XVI
17. XVII
18. XVIII
19. XIX
20. XX
21. XXI
22. XXII
23. XXIII
50. L
90. XC

Part II-Cardinals 1-20, + each 10 through 100
1. unus
2. duo
3. tres
4. quattuor
5. quinqua
6. sex
7. septem
8. octo
9. novem
10. decem
11. undecim
12. duodecim
13. tredecim
14. quattuordecim
15. quindecim
16. sedecim
17. septendecim
18. duodeviginti
19. undeviginti
20. viginti
30. triginta
40. quadraginta
50. quinquaginta
60. sexaginta
70. septuaginta
80. octoginta
90. nonaginta
100. centum

Part III-Ordinals 1-20, + each ten through 100
1. primus
2. secundus
3. tertius
4. quartus
5. quintus
6. sextus
7. septimus
8. octavus
9. nonus
10. decimus
11. undecimus
12. duodecimus
13. tertius decimus
14. quartus decimus
15. quintus decimus
16. sextus decimus
17. septimus decimus
18. duodevicesimus
19. undevicesimus
20. vicesimus
30. trigesimus
40. quadragesimus
50. quinquagesimus
60. sexagesimus
70. septuagesimus
80. octogesimus
90. nonagesimus
100. centesimus

How the Seas Got Their Names

Aegean-name derived from Aegeus, king of Athens and father of Theseus
or from Aegea a queen of the Amazons who drowned in the sea
or from an ancient Greek town known as Aegae
Adriatic-named for Adria, a flourishing port and colony. "Adria" also means "water" or "sea"
Ionian-Io supposedly swam across this sea and it was named after her.
Mediterranean-from "medi" and "terra" in Latin, which make it literally "in the middle of the land"
Tyrrhenian-named for a Greek name for the Etruscans, who were said to be emmigrants from Lydia led by the prince Tyrrhenus.

S.A. p. 101 #'s 2 + 8, Cyrus' Dying Words on Immortality

2. We came up to that city in seven hours.
8. My sons used to esteem my brother, they avoided me; they called me a bitter father and awaited my death. Now on the other hand, I changed my morals have changed and I will draw two sons to me tomorrow.

Cyrus' Dying Words on Immortality
Oh my three sons, you ought not be miserable. In fact, now I come to death, but my part, my soul, will always remain. As long as I was with you, you did not see the soul, but from my deeds you realized it was in my body. Therefore, believe that the soul is the same after death, even if you will not see it, and always preserve me in your memory.

The Roman Alphabet-A Legacy to Today

One of the descedants of the Greek alphabet was the Etruscan alphabet. The earliest known example of the Roman alphabet was an inscription on a gold brooch in the 6th century. Roman conquests lead to the use of the Latin alphabet as the basic alphabet of all languages of western Europe.
The Romans originally took 21 of the Greek and Etruscan letters as their own. They would represent the sounds of their language. The Greek letters upsilon (Y) and zeta (Z) were originally dropped out of the Latin language. Since the Romans valued the Greek culture highly, they borrowed some Greek words which used "Y" and "Z". Because of this, these letters were eventually added to the alphabet. During the Middle Ages, "J" was a variant of "I" and "U" was a variant of "V". They acheived the status of separate letters during the Renaissance. In northern Europe, when "uu" or "vv" occurred, they eventually became the letter "w". This provided the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet used for modern English.

Europa and the Bull-NOUNS

1. Underline all nouns
2. Identify case of the first 5 nouns
3. Write out the paradigms of those nouns

1. Europam-Accusative
Singular
N. Europa
G. Europae
D. Europae
A. Europam
Ab. Europa
Plural
N. Europae
G. Europarum
D. Europis
A. Europas
Ab. Europis

2. Filiam-Accusative
Singular
N. Filia
G. Filiae
D. Filiae
A. Filiam
Ab. Filia
Plural
N. Filiae
G. Filiarum
D. Filiis
A. Filias
Ab. Filiis

3. Agenoris-Dative
Could be first declension or second declension
Singular
N. Agenor
G. Agenori
D. Agenoro
A. Agenorum
Ab. Agenoro
Plural
N. Agenori
G. Agenororum
D. Agenoris
A. Agenoros
Ab. Agenoris

4. Iuppiter-Nominative
Singular
N. Iuppiter
G. Iuppiteris
D. Iuppiteri
A. Iuppiterem
Ab. Iuppitere
Plural
N. Iuppiteres
G. Iuppiterum
D. Iuppiteribus
A. Iuppiteres
Ab. Iuppiteribus

5. Rex-Nominative
Singular
N. Rex
G. Regis
D. Regi
A. Regem
Ab. Rege
Plural
N. Reges
G. Regum
D. Regibus
A. Reges
Ab. Regibus

Europa and The Bull-Translation and Parsing

Jupiter, the king of the gods, saw Europa, the daughter of Agenor. Overcome by love, he said, "Without this pretty woman I will not be able to live. What am I to do? This maiden, if I will overcome her power, she will not love me, and Juno, my wife, if she will come upon my ambush, she will punish me. Therefore, with skill I ought to lead Europa towards me.

Jupiter, for himself, has dedicated his form to a bull. He has run with speed from his citadel in the heavens through clouds into the land. Europa had wandered with her friends into a remote location. With this she has come to that great bull. She has fled from the boys; only Europa (for she has always loved the animal) she has remained with the bull. She has held her arm to the his own neck; without delay she has drawn this man across the sea.

Europa perceived danger and has called out, "Oh," Jupiter has said, "Beautiful woman, no evil thought is in my spirit. Not bull, but god I am. Not death, but your fame and glory will come, for your great name joins the poet with mine."

Verbs:
1. vidit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "videre" meaning "to see"
2. dixit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
3. vivere-infinitive meaning "to live"
4. agam-1st person singular future indicative active of "agere" meaning "to drive"
5. superabo-1st person singular future indicative active of "superare" meaning "to overcome"
6. amabit-3rd person singular future indicative active of "amare" meaning "to love"
7. inveniet-3rd person singular future indicative active of "invenire" meaning "to come upon"
8. castigabit-3rd person singular future indicative active of "castigare" meaning "to punish"
9. ducere-infinitive meaning "to lead"
10. debeo-1st person singular present indicative active of "debere" meaning "ought"
11. dedit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dare" meaning "to give"
12. cucurrit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "cucerre" meaning "to run"
13. erraverat-3rd person singular pluperfect indicative active of "errare" meaning "to wander"
14. venit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "venire" meaning "to come"
15. fugerunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative active of "fugere" meaing " to flee"
16. amaverat-3rd person singular pluperfect indicative active of "amare" meaning "to love"
17. remansit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "remansare" meaning "to remain"
18. tenuit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
19. traxit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "trahere" meaning "to draw"
20. exclamavit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "exclamare" meaning "to exclaim"
21. dixit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
22. sunt-3rd person plural present indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
23. sum-1st person singular indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
24. venient-3rd person plural future indicative active of "venire" meaning "to come"
25. iungent-3rd person plural future indicative active of "iungere" meaning "to join"

Take Home Test #2-Chapter 14-Part 2

Read Cicero paragraph. Create 6-9 panel Pixton on it, translating it, illustrating it, and using original Latin.
This might not be the best translation...

Take Home Test #2-Chapter 14-Part 1

Parsing S.A-10 Verbs
1. appellavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "appellare" meaning "to speak to"
2. creavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "creare" meaning "to create"
3. servat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "servare" meaning "to preserve"
4. trahit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "trahere" meaning "to draw"
5. teneo-1st person singular present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
6. habet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to hold"
7. potuit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "possum" meaning "to be able to"
8. erat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "sum" meaning "to be"
9. vitabit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "vitare" meaning "to avoid"
10. versate-2nd person plural present imperative active of "versare" meaning "to turn"

Riley & Ripple-In the Beginning...

Riley & Ripple-Coming Soon!

Pixton Comic Test!

Emperor Augustus-Biography

Emperor Augustus was the first emperor of Rome who restored unity and orderly government to Rome after almost a century of civil war. He was ruler over an era of peace, prosperity, and cultural achievement known as the Augustan Age.

Augustus was born Gaius Octavius in Rome on September 23, 63 BC. He succeeded his foster father Julius Caesar as the ruler of the Roman state. Casesar liked him, and raised him to the College of Pontifices (a major Roman priesthood) at age 16. When Caesar was assassinated, Octavius was serving in Illyria. When he returned to Italy, he learned that he was Caesar's adopted heir.

Caesar's death put Rome into chaos. Octavian, who wished to avenge his adoptive father and secure his own place, vied with Mark Antony for power and honor. Octavian was made senator and consul while fighting Mark Antony, both militarily and politically.

Octavian wished to settle the dispute, so they both met with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, a general. At this meeting, they formed the Second Triumvirate. To seal the deal they proscribed (ordered the death of) 300 senators and 200 knights that were their enemies. Among the killed was Cicero.

Octavian and Antony then went after the plotters against Caesar, who both committed suicide. Octavian controlled most of the western provinces, Antony controlled most of the eastern provinces, and Lepidus controlled Africa. In 36 BC, the last of the enemies of the Second Triumvirate, Sextus Pompeius, was killed. Octavian then forced Lepidus from power while Antony was busy fighting the Parthians. Antony then married Cleopatra, and recognized Caesarion (Cleopatra's son by Caesar) as her coruler. This was against Octavian's position as the only sonof Caesar. War was unavoidable. He defeated Antony and Cleopatra's forces in a naval fight off of Actium in 31 BC. They both killed themselves the next year, and Caesarion was murdered. At 34, Octavian was the sole ruler of the Roman world.

In 27 BC, the Roman Senate gave Octavian the title Augustus ("consecrated" or "holy"). The Senate gave him a lot of other powers and titles that had been other people's jobs in the republic. He was given the inviolability of the plebeian tribune and received the tribunician power (gave him control over veto and the assemblies). He also had ultimate authority in the provinces. He held the consulship 13 times during his reign which gave him control of Rome and Italy. After the death of Lepidus he became the Pontifex Maximus ("chief priest") with control of religion.

All of these powers put together gave him the title of the princeps, or first citizen.

Augustus was a patron of the arts and was a friend of Ovid, Horace, and Vergil. He also was a friend of the historian Livy. He loved architecture and "found Rome brick and left it marble." He also attempted moral legislation.

His heirs died, one after the other, and his son-in-law Tiberius succeeded him when he died at Nola on August 19, AD 14.

Sources:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation.

Julius Caesar-Biography

"Veni, vidi, vici!" This phrase (meaning, "I came, I saw, I conquered") was stated by one of the most famous and powerful rulers of all time after he gained a quick military victory in Asia Minor...This man was Gaius Julius Caesar.

Fun Facts:
-No previous Roman leader had held so many powerful positions simultaneously.
-Caesar was known for more than his military prowess. He was known as a great writer, poet, and scholar.
-He was even the first person to issue coinage with him on it.
-The month July he had named after himself (otherwise, the month would be called "Quintilis")
-He began Rome's transition from republic to empire

Caesar was born in Rome, Italy on July 12 or 13, 100 B.C. He died on March 14, 44 B.C. He was a Roman whose dictatorship would lead Rome to becoming an empire. He laid the foundation for the Roman Imperial system.
Julius Caesar was born to a prestigious family that was famous in politics of the time. During his childhood, Caesar witnessed one of the most horrifying decades in the history of Rome. Political takeovers were causing chaos.
Casesar married the duaghter of his Uncle Marius' associate Cornelia, which allied Marius and his associate. He was ordered to divorce her by Sulla, then fled the city with her to avoid harm. He returned to Rome after the resignation of Sulla, but left again to the island of Rhodes. He returned as a more learned person, prepared to run for office. He had been elected to the ponitificate while he was gone. He formed an alliance with Crassus. Caesar was then elected quaestor (magistrate) in 69 BC. He was appointed aedile four years later. He used money from Crassus to sponsor great events and win support. He also used this money to be elected as the pontifex maximus (high priest) of the Roman religion. When his first wife died, Caesar remarried to the grandaughter of Sulla, Pompeia. He left Rome to be governor of Spain and then married again to Calpurnia.
Upon returning to Rome, he joined hte First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey. He was later elected consul and governor of three Roman provinces for 5 years.
He then started a campaign against Gaul, France. He defeated Gaul, but when the tribes there united and revolted he faced some problems with their new leader, Vercingetorix. He eventually defeated him after some major setbacks.
When Crassus died, Pompey wished to get rid of Caesar as well. They had political turmoil. Caesar broke the law and crossed the Rubicon with his army. This led to civil war for four years. Caesar crushed Pompey's forces, but Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated. Caesar followed to Egypt and won in war against King Ptolemy XIII. He made Cleopatra queen of Egypt.
In 47 BC he went to Asia Minor, and after a victory used the phrase stated above.
Caesar was appointed dictator for life in 45 BC. He was also made consul for ten years in 45 BC. He then renamed the month Quintilis after himself. He called in July.
He was in total command of the armies, which was the backbone of his power. He then made reforms, including reconstituting the courts, increasing the number of senators, and reforming the calendar.
All of Caesar's honors and power made some senatorial families feel threatened. This led them to hatch a plot to kill Caesar. Gaius Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus helped with the plot. On March 14, 44 BC, he was killed upon entering a meeting in the senate. At the funeral, Mark Antony angered a few people, who burned Caesar's body in the forum.
His nephew Octavius, who he adopted, was made the first emperor of Rome under the name Augustus.

Sources:
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation.

Derrick's Vocab Quiz-Chapter 14

1. animal-animal
2. aqua-water
3. ars-art
4. auris-ear
5. civis-citizen
6. ius-justice
7. mare-sea
8. mors-death
9. nubes-cloud
10. Roma-Rome

Great Roman Achievements

1. Empire-The first great achievement was obviously the Roman's vast empire. It stretched over 3 continents. It also lasted for a long time. 1101 years...and if the Eastern Roman Empire is included in the number, it would be 2078 years!

2. Army-The Roman Legion was perhaps the most powerful army ever. They were capable of defeating armies much larger than themselves with simple weapons. They had shields, spears, and swords, not tanks, airplanes, battleships, nuclear warfare, etc. like today

3. Modern Cities-The Romans were the founding fathers of many great cities today. Examples include London and Cologne.

4. Great Builders-The Romans were revolutionary builders, engineers, architects. They constructed aqueducts, roads, baths, walls, amphitheaters, temples, arches, cities, palaces, etc. Many of these structures still stand and are used today.

5. Latin-As Rome conquered, their language followed. As the empire collapsed, other languages and empires arose from what was left. Latin gave birth to many other languages, and was the official language of business for a long time.

6. The Alphabet-We use much the same alphabet today as the Romans used, with the additions of the letter "W". Roman numerals are also still used today.

7. Law-Roman law was a great institution. It included the Twelve Tables and the Justinian Code. Rome created many of the laws that we take for granted today. The Romans wrote twelve basic principle laws down on brinze, which came to be known as the Twelve Tables. Later, Emperor Justinian refined many of these laws, which were finished in AD 529 and came to be known as the Justinian Code.