Latin Final Exam-Freshman

Part One-Vocabulary

1. cornu-horn

2. spiritus-spirit

3. metus-dread

4. familia-family

5. iudex-judge

6. scelus-sin

7. incipio-to begin

8. senex-old

9. dulcis-pleasure

10. mens-mind

11. centum-100

12. itaque-and so

13. iacio-to join

14. mare-sea

15. nubes-clouds

16. civis-citizen

17. divitiae-riches

18. patientia-patience

19. medicus-doctor

20. annus-year

21. bene-good

22. nemo-no one

23. caput-leader

24. senectus-old age

25. timor-fear

26. capio-to capture

27. facio-to make

28. fugio-to flee

29. duco-to lead

30. scribo-to write

31. amor-to love

32. carmen-song

33. homo-human being

34. nomen-name

35. discipula-student

36. possum-to be able to

37. pulcher-beautiful

38. bonus-good

39. nihil-nothing

40. otium-peace

41. stultus-foolish

42. agricola-farmer

43. femina-woman

44. filia-duaghter

45. vir-man

46. rosa-rose

47. pecunia-money

48. magna-great

49. saepe-often

50. video-to see

Part Two-Paradigms and Declensions

Verbs

51. Laudare – Present Active Indicative
laudo
laudas
laudat
laudamus
laudatis
laudant

52. Monere – Present Active Indicative
moneo
mones
monet
monemus
monetis
monent

53. Agere – Present Active Indicative
ago
agis
agit
agimus
agitis
agunt

54. Audire – Present Active Indicative
audio
audies
audet
audiemus
audietis
audiunt

55. Capere – Present Active Indicative
capio
capies
capiet
capiemus
capietis
capient

56. Laudare – Imperfect Active Indicative
laudabam
laudabas
laudabat
laudabamus
laudabatis
laudabant

57. Capere – Imperfect Active Indicative
capiebam
capiebas
capiebat
capiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant

58. Monere – Future Active Indicative
monebo
monebis
monebit
monebimus
monebitis
monebunt

59. Agere – Future Active Indicative
agam
ages
aget
agemus
agetis
agent

60. Laudare – Perfect Active Indicative
laudavi
laudavisti
laudavit
laudavimus
laudavistis
laudaverunt

61. Monere – Perfect Active Indicative
monui
monuisti
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
monuerunt

62. Agere – Perfect Active Indicative
egi
egisti
egit
egimus
egistis
egerunt

63. Audire – Perfect Active Indicative
audivi
audivisti
audivit
audivimus
audivistis
audiverunt

64. Capere – Perfect Active Indicative
cepi
cepisti
cepit
cepimus
cepitis
ceperunt

65. Laudare – Pluperfect Active Indicative
laudaveram
laudaveras
laudaverat
laudaveramus
laudaveratis
laudaverant

66. Audire – Pluperfect Active Indicative
audiveram
audiveras
audiverat
audiveramus
audiveratis
audiverant

67. Laudare – Future Perfect Active Indicative
laudavero
laudaveris
laudaverit
laudaverimus
laudaveritis
laudaverint

68. Monere – Future Perfect Active Indicative
monuero
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint

69. Laudare – Present Active Imperative (two forms)
lauda
laudate

70. Laudare – Present Passive Indicative
laudor
laudaris
laudatur
laudamur
laudamini
laudantur

71. Monere – Present Passive Indicative
moneor
moneris
monetur
monemur
monemini
monentur

72. Laudare – Imperfect Passive Indicative
laudabar
laudabaris
laudabatur
laudabamur
laudabamini
laudabantur

73. Monere – Imperfect Passive Indicative
monebar
monebaris
monebatur
monebamur
monebamini
monebantur

74. Laudare – Future Passive Indicative
laudabor
laudaberis
laudabitur
laudabimur
laudabimini
laudabintur

75. Monere – Imperfect Passive Indicative
monebar
monebaris
monebatur
monebamur
monebamini
monebantur

76. Esse – Future Indicative Active
ero
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt

77. Posse – Present Indicative Active
posse
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt

Nouns

78. Porta
porta
portae
portae
portam
porta

portae
portarum
portis
portas
portis

79. Amicus
amicus
amici
amico
amicum
amico

amici
amicorum
amicis
amicos
amicis

80. Puer
puer
pueri
puero
puerum
puero

pueri
puerorum
pueris
pueros
pueris

81. Ager
ager
agri
agro
agrum
agro

agres
agrorum
agris
agros
agris

82. Donum
donum
doni
dono
donum
dono

dona
donarum
donis
dona
donis

83. Rex
rex
regis
regi
regem
rege

reges
regum
regibus
reges
regibus

84. Corpus
corpus
corporis
corpori
corpus
corpore

corpora
corporum
corporibus
corpora
corporibus

85. Civis
civis
civis
civi
civem
cive

cives
civium
civibus
cives
civibus

86. Urbs
urbs
urbis
urbi
urbem
urbe

urbes
urbium
urbibus
urbes
urbibus

87. Fructus
fructus
fructus
fructui
fructum
fructu

fructus
fructuum
fructibus
fructus
fructibus

Participles (extra credit if attempted / not counted against if incorrect)

88. Laudans
laudans
laudantis
laudanis
laudanimus
laudanitis
laudanant

89. Monitus
monitus
moniris
monitur
monimur
monimini
monintur

Pronouns

90. Hic, Haec, Hoc
hic haec hoc
huius huius huius
huic huic huic
hunc hanc hoc
hoc hac hoc

hi hae haec
horum harum horum
his his his
hos has haec
his his his

91. Ille, Illa, Illud
ille illa illud
illius illius illius
illi illi illi
illum illam illud
illo illa illo

illi illae illa
illorum illarum illorum
illis illis illis
illos illas illa
illis illis illis

92. Qui, Quae, Quod
qui quae quod
cuius cuius cuius
cui cui cui
quem quam qoud
quo qua quo

qui quae quae
quorum quoarum quorum
quibus quibus quibus
quos quas quae
quibus quibus quibus

93. Ipse, Ipsa, Ipsum
ipse ipsa ipsum
ipsius ipsius ipsius
ipsi ipsi ipsi
ipsum ipsam ipsum
ipso ipsa ipso

ipsi ipsae ipsa
ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum
ipsis ipsis ipsis
ipsos ipsas ipsa
ipsis ipsis ipsis

94. Is, Ea, Id
is ea id
eis eis eis
ei ei ei
eum eam eum
eo ea eo

95. Idem, Eadem, Idem
Idem eadem idem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
eidem eidem eidem
eundem eandem eundem
eodem eadem eodem

96. Ego
ego
mei
mihi
me
me

97. Tu
tu
tui
tibi
te
te

Adjectives

98. Magnus, Magna, Magnum
magnus magna magnum
magni magnae magni
magno magnae magno
magnum magnam magnum
magno magna magno

magni magnae magna
magnorum magnarum magnorum
magnis magnis magnis
magnos magnas magna
magnis magnis magnis

99. Solus, Sola, Solum
solus sola solum

100. Pulcher, Pulchra, Pulchrum
pulcher pulchra pulchrum
pulchri pulchrae pulchri
pulchro pulchrae pulchro
pulchrum pulchram pulchrum
pulchro pulchra pulchro

pulchri pulchrae pulchra
pulchrorum pulchrarum pulchrorum
pulchris pulchris pulchris
pulchros pulchras pulchra
pulchris pulchris pulchris

Part Three: Translations – translate each of the following accurately (100 points)

101. Labor me vocat.
Labor summons me.

102. Laudas me; culpant me.
You praise me; they blame me.

103. Quid cogitas? – debemus iram vitare. [vitare – to shun, avoid]
You think what?-We ought to avoid anger.

104. Philosophia est ars vitae.
Philosophy is the art of life.

105. Debetis, amici, de populo Romano cogitare.
You all ought, friends, to think of the people of Rome.

106. Pecunia avarum irritat, non satiat. [irritare – to excite, exasperate]
Money excites greed, it does not satisfy.

107. Fortuna est caeca.
Fortune is blind.

108. Officium me vocat.
Duty calls me.

109. Semper Gloria et fama tua manebunt.
Your glory and fame will always remain.

110. Sine dis et deabus in caelo, animus non posse sanus esse.
Without gods and goddesses in heaven, the mind is not able to be sane.

Part Four: Essay – please pick from the following and choose TWO. Write a five paragraph formal academic essay for each. You must have a thesis statement at the end of your first paragraph, and you must cite specific examples from what we have learned this year to back up your thesis. Do not use personal pronouns, and please maintain a consistent tone. (200 points)

a. Sense in an English sentence depends upon word order. Sense in a Latin sentence, however, does not depend so much on word order because Latin nouns, modifiers, and verbs are inflected (by declensions and conjugations). Imagine that you are a Latin teacher. Write an essay explaining how inflection works and discuss why Latin is considered a more ‘economical’ language than English.

Word order. It is something so key to the English language, yet so neglected by other languages, like Latin. Why? The answer is, "becuase of inflection." Latin is a highly inflected language. This means a person can tell much more information than just an action for a verb, or an object for a noun, or even the description of an adjective. In Latin, word order does not create sense, the inflection of the rest of the sentence does that.
Latin sentences do not need word order. They are not arranged in a specific way each time. They can be randomly scattered around, and the sentence will still retain the same meaning. In English, "the cookie ate the boy" would not mean the same as, "the boy ate the cookie". In Latin, though, the words (if written correctly) could be jumbled around, and the sentence would always mean, "the boy ate the cookie".
Inflection gives more meaning to words than a simple definition. Inflection can tell the number, case, tone, mood, tense, the person doing the action, the person receiving the action, what is being described, etc. These can all be done in a few words. That is why word order doesn't matter. In Latin, a general form of word order is used, but this is not at all necessary. It does make it easier for translation, though.
Declensions and conjugations create more meaning in less words. "Less is more", is an appropriate phrase to describe this. That is why Latin is called a more "economic" language than English. Other than when writing large numbers in Roman numberals, Latin is more efficient and economic in usage. In a few words, Latin can present something that would take English multiple sentences and extra words to present.
Saying so much in so little words is what helps make Latin a unique language. It also allows for less wordy sentences, and allows for there to be no need for word order. This saves times, effort, and (in these days) ink. This made it much easier for Latin scribes and others who wrote the language to record. This helped a lot becuase writing would take more effort in earlier times, and time was saved by using less words with more meaning. In conclusion, the inflection of the sentence creates no need for word order, and the ability to express more in less words.

e. Does Latin matter?

Latin is an important language, even to today. Many people would argue this, saying that Latin is a "dead" language, but when closely studied, this theory is proven wrong. Latin has ties still clinging to much of the world today. The language may not be as thriving as it once was, but it is certainly not "dead". Latin helps us understand the world, history, and other languages. This insight makes it easier to understand many languages at once, not just one. Latin matters to the world, even today.
Latin continues to be used by the world today. It is not be as prevalent in Catholicism as in earlier times, when masses were given in Latin, Bibles were in Latin, and more. This is true, but also true is that fact that some masses (like in Vatican City) are still given in Latin. Latin is also the language of science. It provides many of the disease names and other medical vernacular that are used today. One a smaller scale, Latin is used for the spell names in the popular series Harry Potter. For example, "expecto patronum" means "I exspect a defender."
Latin has ties to all the Romance languages, as well as a heavy influence in the English language. This means that Latin lives on today through other languages, like Spanish, French, Romanian, etc. These languages are very influential, and keep Latin's importance.
Latin is part of the Proto-Indo-European languages. The Indo-European languages are the family that is spoken by most of the world today. Over 50% of the world speaks languages that are related to Latin. This is an incredibly large number, with billions of speakers today.
Latin may not be as much of a spoken language, and it is not a "world language" anymore, but that does not mean that the Latin language relinquishes its importance. Latin lives on today, influencing the world in many more subtle ways than it once did. This is why Latin matters. This is why students study Latin today. It is becuase of Latin's ongoing importance, on the past and in the present, that Latin is still alive today.

H.P. Adam Kuester

Technology in School

AMAZING!!! I love how it opens us up to the internet, Web 2.0, etc.
I didn't like Google Docs, because it was slow, saved over others, hard to communicate with, etc.
Otherwise, online stuff was great.
Here's the email about it. The question is at the bottom.

I like Mr. Wojo for his want to embrace the new, in accordance with John Carroll's motto. He wishes us to be knowledgeable in Web 2.0 (Here's a wiki article about it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0) and be prepared for newer technology and sites. Mr. Wojo takes it upon himself to get us ready for the world in this way. He knows that a great computer understanding is going to greatly help with jobs, etc. in the future.

For Teach Paperless, all Latin students use blog sites to post homework. This makes no need to waste time, trees, and ink on printing papers and turning them in. It is also fun to personalize your blog. Mr. Wojo requires 2 blog posts a week, which all have to do with Latin, Rome, Greece, Greek and Roman Mythology, etc. This makes students learn more about The ancient world, Latin, and Web 2.0. Latin sudents take quizzes and tests on blogger, too, which can ensure accuracy.

Latin students also use Google Earth, Skype, pixton.com, twitter.com, and more in our classes. This maintains variety, creativity, and gives much freedom. Google Earth has a virtual Rome feature. With Skype, group translating is quick and efficient, with talking and chatting for free. Pixton is a great site for making comics, which can tell a Latin myth, or illustrate translations. The Freshman don't use twitter.com, but I hear they can use it for all kinds of great things, too!

This also keeps Latin interesting and fun, while keeping it safe by choosing who can view your blog, comics, tweets, and more.

This does make me seem like a computer nerd to others sometimes, but hey, it'll help me in my future!

~Adam~

---

From: "2011-Barker, Ellen Celeste"
Sent: Tuesday, May 19, 2009 7:13 AM
To: "2012-Kuester, Adam"
Subject: Question for Article

Hey Adam,

This is Ellen Barker. I was wondering if I could ask you a simple question for a journalism article I am writing. I know you take Latin and my article is about Mr. Wojo's Teach Paperless.

Thanks,
Ellen

*What do you think about being paperless in Latin class? (Like or dislike? Why?)

LATIN!!!

http://pixton.com/comic/x5w2ugha

Virtue lacks Vice-Latin Translation

Present Active Indicatives

LAUDARE

Laudo

Laudas

Laudat

Laudamus

Laudatis

Laudant

Laudabam

Laudabas

Laudabat

Laudabamus

Laudabatis

Laudabant

Laudabo

Laudabis

Laudabit

Laudabimus

Laudabitis

Laudabunt

Laudavi

Laudavisit

Laudavit

Laudavimus

Laudavistis

Laudaverunt

Laudaveram

Laudaveras

Laudaverat

Laudaveramus

Laudaveratis

Laudaverant

Laudavero

Laudaeris

Laudaverit

Laudaverimus

Laudaveritis

Laudaverint

MONERE

Moneo

Mones

Monet

Monemus

Monetis

Monent

Monebam

Monebas

Monebat

Monebamus

Monebatis

Monebant

Monebo

Monebis

Monebit

Monebimus

Monebitis

Monebunt

Monui

Monuisti

Monuit

Monuimus

Monuistis

Monuerunt

Monueram

Monueras

Monuerat

Monueramus

Monueratis

Monuerant

Monueri

Monueris

Monuerit

Monuerimus

Monueritis

Monuerint

AGERE

Ago

Agis

Agit

Agimus

Agitis

Agunt

Agebam

Agebas

Agebat

Agebamus

Agebatis

Agebant

Agam

Ages

Aget

Agemus

Agetis

Agent

Egi

Egisti

Egir

Egimus

Egitis

Egerunt

Egeram

Egeras

Egerat

Egeramus

Egeratis

Egerant

Egero

Egeris

Egerit

Egerimus

Egeritis

Egerint

AUDIRE audire

Audio

Audis

Audit

Audimus

Auditus

Audiunt

Audiebam

Audiebas

Audiebat

Audiebamus

Audiebatis

Audiebant

Audiam

Audies

Audiet

Audiemus

Audietis

Audient

Audivi

Audivisti

Audivit

Audivimus

Audivitis

Audiverunt

Audiveram

Audiveras

Audiverat

Audiveramus

Audiveratis

Audiverant

Audivero

Audiveris

Audiverit

Audiverimus

Audiveritis

Audiverint

CAPERE

Capio

Capis

Capit

Capimus

Capitis

Capiunt

Capiebam

Capiebas

Capiebat

Capiebamus

Capiebatis

Capiebant

Capiam

Capies

Capiet

Capiemus

Capietis

Capient

Cepi

Cepisti

Cepit

Cepimus

Cepistis

Ceperunt

Ceperam

Ceperas

Ceperat

Ceperamus

Ceperatis

Ceperant

Cepero

Ceperis

Ceperit

Ceperimus

Ceperitis

ceperint

Paradigm for "Laudare"-Chapters 11-20

Laudavi

Laudavisti

Laudavit

Laudavimus

Laudavistis

Laudaverunt

Laudaveram

Laudaveras

Laudaverat

Laudaveramus

Laudaveratis

Laudaverant

Laudavero

Laudaeris

Laudaverit

Laudaverimus

Laudaveritis

Laudaverint

Laudor

Laudaris

Laudaturl

Laudamur

Laudamini

Laudantur

Laudabar

Laudabaris

Laudabatur

Laudabamur

Laudabamini

Laudabantur

Laudabor

Laudaberis

Laudabitur

Laudabimur

Laudabimini

Laudabuntur

Laudatus sum

Laudatus es

Laudatus est

Luadati sumus

Laudati estis

Laudati sunt

Laudatus ero

Laudatus eris

Laudatus erit

Laudati erimus

Laudati eritis

Laudati erunt

Laudatus eram

Laudatus eras

Laudatus erat

Laduati eramus

Laudati eratis

Laudati erant

7 Important objects in Greek and Roman Mythology

1. Aphrodite's Magic Girdle-had the ability to arouse desire and create a hunger for love. It was so effective that whomever she desired would fall in love with her. It is said that one time Hera used this to win back Zeus' affections.

2. Apollo's Lyre-a lyre is a Greek musical instrument with seven strings. Given to him by Hermes, Apollo also taught mortals how to play.

3. Ares' Ancile-large bronze age figure 8 shield. This was seen as a great symbol of reverence and luck.

4. Asclepius' Caduceus-this is the traditional symbol for medicine. This has twin snakes around the staff and twin wings at the top.

5. Athena's Aegis-snake fringed shield/armor that had Medusa's head in the center. It is said that the wearer of this would become invincible.

6. Hade's Helmet-magical helmet bestowed to him by the cyclopes, which would make the wearer invisible. This was lent to many heroes and gods, but the most famous of which is Perseus in his slaying of the gorgon Medusa.

7. Zeus' thunderbolts-wielded mightily form Mount Olympus. The cyclopes made these for Zeus as a gift for setting them free. Those who sought to steal them suffered terrible fates.

Nouns and Verbs-Review-Part 1

PORTA

Porta
Portae
Portae
Portam
Porta

Portae
Portarum
Portis
Portas
Portis

AMICUS

Amicus
Amici
Amico
Amicum
Amico

Amici
Amicorum
Amicis
Amicos
Amicis

PUER

Puer
Pueri
Puero
Puerum
Puero

Pueri
Puerorum
Puero
Puerum
Puero

AGER

Ager
Agri
Agro
Agrum
Agro

Agri
Agrorum
Agris
Agros
Agris

DONUM

Donum
Doni
Dono
Donum
Dono

Dona
Donorum
Donis
Dona
Donis

REX
Rex
Regis
Regi
Regem
Rege

Reges
Regum
Regibus
Reges
Regibus

CORPUS

Corpus
Corporis
Corpori
Corpus
Corpore

Corpora
Corporum
Corporibus
Corpora
Corporibus

CIVIS

Civis
Civis
Civi
Civem
Cive

Cives
Civium
Civibus
Cives
Civibus

URBS

Urbs
Urbis
Urbi
Urbem
Urbe

Urbes
Urbium
Urbibus
Urbes
Urbibus

MARE

Mare
Maris
Mari
Marem
Mari

Maria
Marium
Maribus
Maria
Maribus

FRUCTUS

Fructus
Fructus
Fructui
Fructum
Fructu

Fructus
Fructuum
Fructibus
Fructus
Fructibus

CORNU

Cornu
Cornus
Cornu
Cornu
Cornu

Cornua
Cornuum
Cornibus
Cornua
Cornibus

LAUDARE

Laudo
Laudas
Laudat
Laudamus
Laudatis
Laudant

Laudabam
Laudabas
Laudabat
Laudabamus
Laudabatis
Laudabant

Laudabo
Laudabis
Laudabit
Laudabimus
Laudabitis
Laudabunt

Laudavi
Laudavisit
Laudavit
Laudavimus
Laudavistis
Laudaverunt

Laudaveram
Laudaveras
Laudaverat
Laudaveramus
Laudaveratis
Laudaverant

Laudavero
Laudaeris
Laudaverit
Laudaverimus
Laudaveritis
Laudaverint

Laudor
Laudaris
Laudatur
Laudamur
Laudamini
Laudantur

Laudabar
Laudabaris
Laudabatur
Laudabamur
Laudabamini
Laudabantur

Laudabor
Laudaberis
Laudabitur
Laudabimur
Laudabimini
laudabuntur

The Gallic Wars-Caesar-Paragraph 1

All of Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae live in, the second the Aquitani live in, the third of which the are called the Celts, and in our language are called the Gauls. All these differ between each other in language, customs, and laws. The Garonne River divides the Gauls from the Aquitani, and the Marne and the Seine divide them from the Belgians. Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the culture and humanity of Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine, with whom they are continually waging war; for which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers.

United States Supreme Court vs. Roman Court

In physical build up, the United States Supreme Court retains many Ancient Roman qualities. For one, a Roman figure carrying a fasces appears above the words, "Equal justice under law". Along with similar architecture (with columns, etc.), there are two 17 feet high bronze doors at the entrance to the court. Each door holds four scenes that illustrate significant events in the evolution of justice in the Western tradition. The first 4 of these (the entire left door) have scene related to the Ancient Rome. They are: (1) Shield of Achilles, (2) Praetor's Edict, (3) Julian and Scholar, (4) Justinian Code. Bronze doors were created for Rome's most important secular and religious sites, including the Roman Senate and the Pantheon. Classical forms, associated with Roman Republicanism, embodied the ideals and goals of the new nation (United States), and so were used extensively in important government buildings. To the left side of the building, there is the statue, "The Contemplation of Justice", which depicts a seated woman holding a small figure representing justice. This can trace back to Themis, the Greek goddess of justice and law, and Justicia, one of the four Roman virtues depicted in the form of a woman. Other symbols on this statue represent fairness, equality, and impartiality.

Roman law is one of the most significant influences on American law. Even some individual justices were interested heavily in Roman law, often citing it. In states such as Florida and Texas, this influence was extremely dominant, as they once under civil law systems. Roman law has been a peripheral, or backdrop, of American common law. One specific influence is that Roman and civil law provided a model of systematic legal structure, especially in organizational and conceptual framework. Second, Roman law provided precise vocabulary for complex legal concepts. Third, and most importantly, Roman law provided comparative materials for judging American rules, as well as historical substrata, upon which many English and American rules rest.

Sources: http://www.answers.com/topic/roman-law

http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/bronzedoors.pdf

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/democracy/authority2.html

Chapters 11-20 Test-Part 2-Parsed Verbs

Chapter 11-
1. facit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "facere" meaning "to make"
2. est-3rd person singular present indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
3. vales-2nd person singular present indicative active of "valere" meaning "to be strong"
4. poterant-3rd person plural imperfect indicative active of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
5. amant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"

Chapter 12-
1. creavit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "creare" meaning "to create"
2. fecit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "facere" meaning "to make"
3. profuderunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "profundere" meaning "to pour forth"
4. habuerunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative active of "habere" meaning "to have"
5. audebit-3rd person singular future indicative active of "audere" meaning "to dare"

Chapter 13-
1. misit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
2. potuerunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative active of "posse" meaning " to be able to"
3. habet-3rd person singular present indicative active of "habere" meaning "to have"
4. recognovit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "recognoscere" meaning "to recognize"
5. emendat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "emedare" meaning "to correct"

Chapter 14-
1. appellavit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "appellare" meaning "to be called"
2. creavit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "creare" meaning "to create"
3. servat-3rd person singular present indicative active of "servare" meaning "to preserve"
4. teneo-1st person singular present indicative active of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
5. erat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"

Chapter 15-
1. exspectabam-1st person singular imperfect active indicative of "exspectare" meaning "to expect"
2. venimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
3. erat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
4. dicebat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to speak"
5. amabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"

Chapter 16-
1. est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. vicit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
3. adiuvat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "adiuvare" meaning "to help"
4. erat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
5. facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"

Chapter 17-
1. imminent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "imminere" meaning "to impend"
2. vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. neglegunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "neglegere" meaning "to neglect"
4. dat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
5. vincit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"

Chapter 18-
1. videntur-3rd person plural present indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
2. sunt-3rd person plural present indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
3. potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
4. erant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
5. teneor-1st person singular present indicative passive of "tenere" meaning "to hold"

Chapter 19-
1. est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. visa sunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. debemus-2nd person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "to ought to"
4. iactus sum-1st person singular perfect indicative passive of "iacere" meaning "to throw"
5. vivimus-2nd person plural present active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"

Chapter 20-
1. defendunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "defendere" meaning "to defend"
2. privavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "privare" meaning "to deprive"
3. liberavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "libere" meaning "to free"
4. pronuntiabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "pronuntiare" meaning "to pronounce"
5. miscebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "miscere" meaning "to mix"

Chapters 11-20 Test-Part 1-Paradigms

1. Perfect Active Indicative
Laudare-to praise

Laudavi
Laudavisti
Laudavit
Laudavimus
Laudavistis
Laudaverunt

2. Pluperfect Active Indicative
Laudare-to praise

Laudaveram
Laudaveras
Laudaverat
Laudaveramus
Laudaveratis
Laudaverant

3. Future Perfect Active Indicative
Laudare-to praise

Laudavero
Laudaveris
Laudaverit
Laudaverimus
Laudaveritis
Laudaverint

4. Present Indicative Passive
Laudare-to praise

Laudor
Laudaris
Laudatur
Laudamur
Laudamini
Laudantur


5. Perfect Indicative Passive
Laudare-to praise

Laudatus sum
Laudatus es
Laudatus est
Laudati sumus
Laudati estis
Laudati sunt

Optional Exercises Chapter 11 Translations-Parsed Verbs

Dabunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabam-1st person singular imperfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabitis-2nd person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give
Dabo-1st person singular future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabimus-1st person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabimus-1st person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabis-2nd person singular future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabimus-1st person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Dabunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Mittemus-1st person plural future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittam-1st person singular future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittebat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mitto-1st person singular present active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittemus-1st person plural future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittes-2nd person singular future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittebant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittent-3rd person plural future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittam-1st person singular future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Mittent-3rd person plural future active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"

Chapters 11 and 12 S.A.-Parsed all Verbs

Facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Vales-2nd person singular present active indicative of "valere" meaning "to be strong"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Valeo-1st person singular present active indicative of "valere" meaning "to be strong"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Vale-2nd person singular imperative active indicative of "valere" meaning "to be strong"
Vale-2nd person singular imperative active indicative of "valere" meaning "to be strong"
Sentiunt-3rd person singular present active indicative of "sentire" meaning "to feel"
Sentiunt-3rd person singular present active indicative of "sentire" meaning "to feel"
Video-2st person singular present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
Esse-infinitive meaning "to be"
Videre-infinitive meaning "to see"
Poterant-3dr person plural imperfect active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
Amant-3rd person plural present active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
Habent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
Possum-infinitive meaning "to be able to"
Vivere-infinitive meaning "to live"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Creavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "creare" meaning "to create"
Creavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "creare" meaning "to create"
Veni-2nd person singular imperative active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
Vidi-2nd person singular imperative active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
Vici-2nd person singular imperative active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
Vixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Vixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Vivere-infinitive meaning "to live"
Vixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Vixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Dixisti-2nd person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to say"
Fecit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
Profuderunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "profundere" meaning "to pour"
Habuerunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
Dedit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Perdidimus-1st person plural perfect active indicative of "perdere" meaning "to ruin"
Ceciderit-3rd person singular future perfect active indicative of "cadere" meaning "to fall"
Libere-infinitive meaning "to free"
Dicere-infinitive meaning "to say"
Audebit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "audere" meaning "to dare"

20 Questions-Eric and Alex's Quiz

1. In the story of Pandora's Box what is Pandora's husband's name?-Epimetheus
2. In the Tragic Story of Phaethon what happens to Phaethon when he is riding the chariot? -He is thrown from heaven
3. In the story of the Adventures of Io what does Zeus turn Io into?-a cow
4. In the story of The Curse of Atreus who are Pelops' sons?-Atreus and Thyestes
5. In the story of Cleobis and Biton where do Cleobis and Biton carry their mother?-to a statue of Juno in the Temple of Juno
6. In the story of Laocoon and the Trojan Horse what does Laocoon warn the Trojans of?-The wooden horse housing the Greek warriors
7. In the story of Nisus and Euryalus, who dies at the hands of Volcens?-Nisus
8. In the story of Aurora and Tithonus, who does Aurora go to for help? -the king of the gods, Jupiter
9. In the story of Ulysses and the Cyclops, what do Ulysses and his friends do to escape the cyclops?-They set a tree on fire and hurt the Cyclops' eye
10. In the story Gift Bearing Greeks, how do the Greeks enter Troy?-a large wooden horse, given as a gift, and containing the Greek warriors
11. In the Story of Echo and Handsome Narcissus, what is the moral of the story?-Humans ought not admire themselves excessively.
12. In the story of Europa and the Bull what form does Zeus take on in the story?-a Bull
13. In the story how the Aegean got its name what was the minotaur imprisoned in?-the Labyrinth
14. In the story the wrath of Achilles, who is Achilles angry at? -Agamemnon
15. In the story the Myrmidons, who was the leader of the Myrmidons?-Aecaus
16. In the story A wedding invitation, who are Achilles parents?-Peleus and Thetis
17. In the story the Judgment of Paris, who are the three goddess that fight over the golden apple?-Juno, Venus, and Minerva
18. In the story the labors of Hercules, who is the king that forces Hercules to perform these labors?-Eurystheus
19. In the story of Echo and the Handsome Narcisses what does Echo do that annoys Narcisses. -She repeats what he says
20. In the story of Nisus and Euryalus what do the brothers try to steal from the enemy camp? -a helmet

-"Veritas"-Harvard University, "Non doctior, sed meliore doctrina imbutus"-Haverford College

Animal Hunts in Rome

Many people today would be appauled from the violence and bloodshed held in the Roman Coliseum. However, at the day it was completely normal to attend these events. One event was the Venatione. This was an animal hunt where a venator (person who hunted animals) would catch and kill an animal or be killed. Many animals were used for these events. This included elephants, bears, bulls, lions, leopards, tigers, giraffes, monkeys, camels, antelopes, crocodile, and and ostriches. Sometimes, animals were even pitted against other animals. Some animals even became endangered and extinct becuase of overuse in the stadium.

The venator could hunt on horseback with a lance or on foot with swords and sheilds. Their mortality rate was high, and they did not receive nearly as much praise and recognition as gladiators. Some were slaves, like gladiators. Some wore armor, some normal clothes, some fought naked. Most usually belonged to an agency and were hired out to perform.

"The wild beast hunts, two a day for five days, are magnificent. There is no denying it. But what pleasure is there in seeing a puny human mangled by a powerful beast or a splendid animal killed with a hunting spear."
Cicero in 50 BC

Greek Vase Paintings-5 Mythological Stories

Hermes carrying Heracles to Mount Olympus.
Hermes leads the goddesses Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera to Paris for his judgment in the contest for the golden apple.

Hephaestus returning to Mount Olympus in anger, after being thrown out.

Hephaestus splits open Zeus' skull, releasing the goddess Athena from his head.

Artemis draws her bow as Aktaion is torn apart by his hounds.

38 Latin Stories, Chapters 11, 15, 20, Verb Cognates

Chapter 11
Audivit-audire Audible, audacious, auditor, audio, audiotape
Dicam-dicere Dictate, dictator, dictation, diction, dictionary, prediction
Erant-esse Is, was, were
Duxerat-ducere Duct, induction, reduction
Dederat-dare Date, mandate, dedicate
Victus erat-vincere Invincible, vincible, evincible
Terreri-terrere Terrify, terrible, terrible (in Spanish)
Poterat-posse Possible, impossible, possibilism
Caret-carere Care, caress, uncaring
Superavit-superare Super, superb, supreme, superficial, superior
Erant-esse Is, was, were
Cepit-capere Decapitate, captain, capture, incapacitated, captivate, captivation
Invenerat-invenire Invent, invention,
Traxit-trahere Taxi, trailer, tractor
Est-esse Is, was, were
amovere Remove, locomotion, movement
Poterat-posse Possible, impossible, possibilism
Est-esse Is, was, were
Datum est-dare Date, mandate,
Erat-esse Is, was, were
Chapter 15
Edunt-edere Edible, inedible, eat
Navigavit- Navigate, navigation, navigator, nauta
Venit Vein, vent, ventilate
Inveniunt Invent, invention, inventor
Edunt Edible, eat, inedible
Ducit Duct, induction, reduction
Videt Video, videotape, envisage, visage
Facitis Facetious, facility, facilitate
Habetis Habitat, habituate, habit
Dicit Diction, dictionary, dictation, dictator, prediction
Dabis Debit, dedicate, debate
Exclamat Exclaim, exclamation, exclamatory
Capit Decapitate, captain, capture, incapacitated, captivate, captivation
Rogat Regal, regality, regalia
Est Is, was, were
Respondet Respond, response, responder
Superat Super, superior, superficial, superb, supreme
Mittunt Mission, Missionary, commission
Vocat Vocal, vocalization, vocate, vocation
Possunt Possible, Possibilism, Possibility
Fugere Fugitive, fugitative, fugitives, refuge
Audit Audio, audiotape, audible, audacious, auditor
Sum Am, sum, same
Chapter 20
Vivebant-vivere Live, liven, enliven, life
Dabant- Date mandate dedicate
Mittebant-mittere Mission, Missionary, commission
Dixit-dicere Dictate, dictator, dictation, diction, dictionary, prediction
Tolerare Tolerate, tolerable, intolerant
Possum-posse Possible, impossible, possibilism
Timeo-timere Timid, timidity, timidly
Inveniam-invenire Invent, invention, inventor
Potero-posse Possible, impossible, possibilism
Vincam-vincere Invincible, vincible, evincible
Commito-commitere Commit, committable, commitment, commence
Videbis-videre Video, videotape, envisage, visage
Fugiam-fugere Fugitive, fugitative, refuge,
Iunxit-iungere Join, junction, conjoin
Navigabit-navigare navigate, navigator, navigation, nauta
Superare- Super, superb, supreme, superficial, superior
Fugere- Fugitive, fugitative, refuge,
Poterat-posse Possible, impossible, possibilism
Expectaverat- Expect, expectations, spectators
videre Video, videotape, envisage, visage
poterat Possible, impossible, possibilism
Tenuerat-tenere Tangible, retentive, attentive
mutaverat Mute, mutate, mutation

Latin Help

1. Erat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. Venerat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "venere" meaning "to come"
3. Gesserat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "gerrere" meaning "to carry on"
4. Movebat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "movere" meaning "to move"
5. Ceperat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "cepere" meaning "to capture"
6. Vocavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "vocare" meaning "to call"
7. Audivit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "audire" meaning "to hear"
8. Cucurrit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "cucerre" meaning "to run"
9. Intellego-1st person singular present active indicative of "intelligere" meaning "to understand"
10. Dixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to speak"
11. Habere-infinitive meaning "to hold"
12. Debent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "ought to"
13. Vincere-infinitive meaning "to conquer"
14. Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
15. Fugies-2nd person singular future active indicative of "fugere" meaning "to flee"
16. Erit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
17. Manebis-2nd person singular future active indicative of "manere" meaning "to remain"
18. Invenies-2nd person singular future active indicative of "invenire" meaning "to come upon"
19. Amittes-2nd person singular present active indicative of "amittere" meaning "to send"
20. Habe-2nd person singular Imperative
21. Dixit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to speak"
22. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
23. Timeo-

Mandatory Optional Self-Tutorial Exercises

1. Number 1-(a) The perfect passive participle and the present of "sum" (b) the perfect passive participle and the imperfect of "sum"
2. A. Vir missus est-the man was sent, vir mittitur-the man is sent.
B. vir missus erat-the man had been sent, vir mittebatur-the man was being sent
3. To ask questions
4. Singular Nominative and Singular Accusative endings differ
5. Word usage and punctuation
6. Translations
a. Movetur-he is being moved
b. Motus est-he was moved
c. Motum erat-he had been moved
d. Movebatur-he was being moved
e. Deleti erant-they had been destroyed
f. Delebantur-they are being destroyed
g. Deleti sunt-they were destroyed
h. Tenemur-we are being held
i. Tenti sumus-we were held
j. Tenti eramus-he had been held
k. Tenebamur-we were being held
l. Mutatus erat-he had been changed
m. Mutatus est-he was changed
n. Mutatur-he is being changed
o. Mutabatur-he was being changed
7. Translation of Interrogative Pronouns
a. Cuius?-Genitive singular
b. Quem?-accusative singular masculine and feminine
c. Qui?-Nominative plural masculine
d. Quid?-Nominative Singular Neuter
e. Quorum?-Nominative Plural Masculine and Neuter
f. Cui?-Dative Singular
g. Quas?-Accusative plural feminine
h. Quis?-Nominative Singular Masculine and Feminine
i. Quae?-Accusative Plural Neuter
8. From which book was it prepared? From which book had it been prepared? From which book was it being prepared?
9. The schoolmaster is overcome by the labors from which book had been prepared.
10. Which book were you given? Which book is being given? Which book had it been given?
11. Which boy was preserved?
12. I myself saw the boy who was preserved.
13. Which of these two sons were preserved.
14. I never saw the old man whose sons were preserved.
15. What was sent?
16. From the citizen who sent peace and liberty, they were praised.
17. Who were sent?
18. From ten citizens who were sent friendship, he was praised.
19. Who have you seen in the city?
20. Who are the three new friends who you have seen in the city?
21. Who of you were they found there.
22. Where are the three bodies who of you there they were found.
23. From what of that man was he told.
24. What of that man was he told?
25. Eight wretched humans who were told by that man, flew out of the city.
26. Which sons were praised into themselves.
27. They thanked the fatherland whose sons were praised.
28. He frightened which of you?
29. He frightened you with what danger?
30. But the danger which terrifies you has been conquered by brave citizens.

All Noun Declensions 20X ea.

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Translations from Golden Age and Silver Age authors

GOLDEN AGE

Lucretius
- Si me duces, Musa, coronam magna cum laude capiam.
If you lead me, Muse, I will take the crown with praise.
- Haud igitur redit ad nihilum res ulla, sed omnes discidio redeunt in corpora materiai.
Therefore, he returns nothing at all into any affair, but I say they all return into the body material.
- Terra ipsa homines et animalia olim creavit.
Once upon a time, the earth itself has created the humans and animals.

Catullus
- Catullus Marco Tullio Ciceroni magnas gratias agit.
Catullus thanks the great Marcus Tullius Cicero.
- Dicebam medicare tuos desiste capillos!
I said to cure you must stop your hair.
- Salve, mea bella puella-da mihi multa basia, amabo te!
Hello, my beautiful girl, give me many kisses, I love you!

Cicero
- Philosophia es ars vitae.
Philosophy is an art career.
- Fortuna est caeca.
Fortune is blind.
- Semper magno cum timore incipio dicere.
I always begin to speak with great fear.

Caesar
- Ipse ad eos contendebat equitesque ante se misit.
He contended himself and the knight before he sent him.
- Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli apellantur.
All of Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae live in, the second the Aquitani live in, the third of which the Galls call the Celts, in our language.
-Palus erat non magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum.
Palus is not great before our enemy and army.

Nepos
- Eo tempore Athenienses tantam vitutem praestiterunt ut decemplicem numerum hostium superant, et hos sic perterruerunt ut in Asiam refugerent.
The time of the Athenians was so great the way excelled to the number tenfold to overcome the enemy, and these men thus frighten greatly to flee back into Asia.
- Atticus Ciceroni ex patria fugenti multam pecuniam dedit.
The elegant Cicero fleed out of the fatherland and gave much money.
-Hi fere fuerunt Graecae gentis duces, qui memoria digni videantur, praeter REGES.
Those men almost flee the Greek leader, when appropriate memory was seen, besides the king

Publilius Syrus
- Numquam periculum sine periculo vincemus.
We never conquer danger without danger.
- Si animes infirmes  est, non poterit bonam fortunam tolerare.
If you animate the weak, he is not able to endure good fortune.
- Si vales, valeo.
If you be strong, I am strong.

Virgil
- Fata viam invenient.
They came upon the way of the oracle.
- Sed fugit interea, fugit tempus.
But meanwhile he flees, he flees time.
- Pan servat oves (sheep) et magistros fortunatos ovium
Pan preserves the sheep and schoolmasters happy sheep.

Horace
- Virtus tua me amicum tibi facit.
Your strength makes me your friend.
- Rapite, amici, occasionem de hora.
Snatch, friend, the occasion of the hour.
- Incipit ille.
He began that.

Livy
- Eximia forma virginis oculus hominum convertit.
The maidens outstanding form cause eyes to look
- Ratio me ducet, non fortuna.
I lead not on the account of fortune
- Non solum eventus hoc docet-iste est magister stultorum!-sed etiam ratio.
Not only events but; to be a teacher is foolish!

Propertius
- Errat, qui finem vesani quaerit amoris; verus amor nullum novit habere modum.
Who wanders away from the boundary of love; versus to have control over no love.
- Ergo sollicitae tu causa, pecunia, vitae!
Therefore you cause life danger!
- Quid tibi vis, insane?
Who has insane strength?

Ovid
- Iucundissima dona, ut aiunt, semper sunt ea quae auctor ipse cara fact.
Pleasant gifts, it is said, always are any which author himself fact.
- Dicebam medicare tuos desiste capillos!
I call to cure your hair, desist!
- Fas est ab hoste doceri.
It is right to learn from your enemy

SILVER AGE

Seneca
- Ex meis erroribus hominibus rectum iter demostrare possum.
Out of my human error I have found the proper path.
- Homines, dum docent discunt.
Human beings learn while they teach.
- Vita est brevis; ars, longa.
Avoid short things; long things are knowledge.

Petronius
- Dum nos fata sinunt, oculos satiemus amore; nox tibi longa venit nec reditura dies.
When we allow fate, our eyes love wisdom, you return to death in the night.
- Animam nostro amplexam in corpore.
Our soul lives in our body.
- Quid ergo es.
Where, therefore, is it?

Quintilian
- Prima virtus est vitio carere.
The first virtue is to be without fault.
- Similis circa auctoritatem ratio.
The authors accounts are similar.
- Si cui libri Ciceronis placent, ille sciat se profecisse (to progress).
If this book is pleasing to Cicero, it knows to progress.

Martial
-Nec tecum possum vivere nec sine te.
Nor you are able to be alive, nor without you .
-Est nullus locus utri homini in hac terra.
Is no location enough for humans on this earth.
-Vita non est vivere sed valere.
Life is not to live but to be strong.

Pliny
-Bene est mihi quod tibi bene est.
He is well to me who is well to you.
-Si vale, bene est; ego valeo.
If you are strong, you are well; I am strong.
-Eo tempore erant circenses ludi, quo genere levi spectaculi numquam teneor.
The contestants in the circus are time, who never fear to carry light show.

Tacitus
-Inter bellum et pacem dubitbant.
They hesitated between war and peace.
-Reges Romam a principio habuerunt; libertatem Lucius Brutus Romanis dedit.
In the beginning, Rome had a king; Lucius Brutus gave the Romans liberty.
-Etiam fortes viri subitis periculis saepe terrentur.
Even strong men often are being frightened of sudden dangers.

Juvenal
- Difficile est saturam non scribere; nam quis est tam patiens malae urbis ut se teneat.
Satire is not difficult to write; which on the other hand is bad patience for the city to hold.
-Semper ego auditor tantum?
I always hear so much?
- Probitas laudatur-et alget.
Uprightness is being praise-and is cold.

Xtranormal-Test

I couldn't get it to embed correctly, so here's the link!
http://www.xtranormal.com/watch?e=20090507175015334

Famous Romans-Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius organized Rome's army into the most effective fighting machine on earth. At some times it appeared nothing could stop the mighty force of his Roman legions. Marius changed the way the army organized itself. men from the provinces could now sign up for military service, and in time they would become Roman citizens. Marius also granted land to those war veterans in reward for their services. Marius won famous battles with this army. Most famous of these are the Aquae Sextiae and Campi Raudii, where he ensured that the barbarians from the north were kept out of Rome.

Roman Slavery

Roman slavery differed from the slavery of ancient Greece. For one, Roman masters held more power over their slaves. This included, by law, the power over life and death. Slavery was also far more necessary to the economy and social system of Rome, especially during the empire, than ancient Greece. Wealthy Romans often relied on many slaves to maintain efficient operation of these households. Imperial conquests and expansion strained the Roman citizen workforce, so great numbers of foreign slaves were needed to be imported to fill agricultural labor needs. The primary source of these slaves was through warfare. Tens of thousands of captured prisoners were brought to Rome as slaves. Other sources were through debtors, who sold themselves or their family into slavery. Also, persons convicted of serious crimes were made slaves. This dependancy on slavery contributed significantly to Rome's downfall.

Cumulative Vocab Test-Freshman Year

1. pronuntio-to pronounce
2. prohibeo-to prohibit
3. odi-defective verb (only in perfect) meaning "to hate"
4. discedo-to depart
5. defendo-to defend
6. parare-to prepare
7. liberare-to free
8. delectare-to delight
9. iam-soon
10. contra-against
11. videor-to seem
12. movere-to move
13. miscere-to mix
14. legere-to pick out
15. fluere-to flow
16. recitare-to recite
17.neglegere-to neglect
18. navigare-to navigate
19. incipio-to begin
20. desidero-to desire
21. regere-to rule
22. quam-which
23. senex-old man
24. potens-able
25. omnes-all
26. timere-to frighten
27. iacere-to throw
28. expectare-to expect
29. commitere-to commit
30. itaque-and so
31. vitare-to shun
32. tenere-to hold
33. mutare-to change
34. currere-to run
35. apellare-to speak to
36. stare-to stand
37. iungere-to join
38. deligero-to esteem
39. allere-to nourish
40. olim-for a long time
41. creare-to create
42. cadere-to fall
43. amittere-to lose
44. nuper-recently
45. diu-while
46. sentire-to feel
47. mittere-to send
48. intellegere-to understand
49. etiam-even
50. bene-well
51. vivere-to live
52. invenio-to come upon
53. fugere-to flee
54. facere-to make
55. dicere-to speak
56. nimis-too
57. in-into
58. enim-truly
59. uter-either
60. unus-one
61. vincere-to conquer
62. trahere-to draw
63. scribere-to write
64. gerere-to carry on
65. ducere-to lead
66. necare-to kill
67. audere-to dare
68. sub-under
69. post-after
70. novus-new
71. tollero-to endure
72. posse-to be able to
73. quare-which
74. nunc-now
75. ibi-there
76. superare-to be above
77. remanere-to remain
78. culpare-to blame
79. ceno-to dine
80. tum-then
81. sum-to be
82. iuvare-to help
83. verus-true
84. stultus-foolish
85. parvus-few
86. satiare -to satisfy
87. habere-to hold
88. semper-always
89. hodie-today
90. in-in
91. est-is
92. sine-without
93. O!-Oh!
94. sed-but
95. et-and
96. vocare-to summon
97. videre-to see
98. valere-to be strong
99. terrere-to terrify
100. convervare-to preserve
*101*-servare-to preserve

Chapter 20 Test-???

2. Oedipus duobus oculis se privavit
Oedipus deprived himself of his own two eyes

Oedipus=Nominative singular
Oculis= Acc. Pl.=direct object
Privavit=3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "privare" meaning "to deprive"
Duobus=two=Acc. Pl.
Se="his own"=reflexive pronoun

4. Demosthenes multos versus uno spiritu pronuntiabat
Demosthenes pronounced many lines of verse in one spirit.

Demosthenes-Nominative singular
pronuntiabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "pronuntiare" meaning "to pronounce"
multos-Accusative plural
versus-Accusative plural
uno-ablative singular
spiritu-ablative singular

6. Iste communi sensu caret
This man lacks common sense.

Iste-Nominative singular
caret-3rd person singular present active indicative of "carere" meaning "to lack"
communi-Singular accusative
sensu-singular accusative

8. Nullus accusator caret culpa; omnes peccavimus
No accuser lacks fault; we have all sinned.

accusator-singular nominative
caret-3rd person singular present active indicative of "carere" meaning "to lack"
nullus-nominative singular
culpa-accusative singular
omnes-nominative plural
peccavimus-1st person plural perfect active indicative of "peccare" meaning "to sin"

10. Prima virtus est vitio carere.
The first virtue is to not lack virtue.

prima-nominative singular
virtus-nominative singular
est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
carere-infinitive meaning "to lack"

12. Magni tumultus urbem eo tempore miscebant.
Great uprisings are disturbing the city at the time.

Chapter 20-S.A.

Horns defend the stag from danger.
Oedipus deprived himself of his two eyes.
In the Persian War, Themistocles freed Greeks from servitude.
Demosthenes used to pronounce many lines of verse in one spirit.
I hate Persian pomp.
That man lacks common sense.
Old age deprives us of all pleasures and is not long absence from death.
No accusers lack blame: we all have sinned.
No part of life is able to be free from duty.
The first strength is to lack vice.
A man free from sin does not need a javelin, nor a bow.
Great uprising were disturbing the city at that time.
A letter to the senate and people of Allobroges had been written by the hands of the conspirators.

Latin-Chapter 20 Optional Exercises

1. (1) object (2) of (3) by/with/from (4) subject (5) object (6) to/for
2. (1) manui- to/for the hand (2) manus- gen sing ,the hand (3) manuum- gen pl of the hands  (4)manu- ab, by/with/from the hand (5)manus gen, of the hand(s) (6)frutibus dat, for the fruits (7)fructum-acc, the fruit (8) fructus gen sing,  of the fruit (9) fructuum-gen pl, of the fruits (10) fructu-ab sing, by/with/from the fruit (11) senatus (sing)-gen sing, of the senate (12) senatui-dat sing, to/for the senate (13) senatus -acc pl, the senate (14) senatu-ab sing, from/by/with the senate
3. (A)masculine
(B)manus
4. (A)the ablative  of place is a verb of active motion and the ablative  of separation is the distance away
(B)Ablative of separation
(C)Ablative of place from which
5. (A) Ablative of place normally has a preposition and active movement, but the ablative of separation normally has no active movement

Latin Vocab Quiz Chapter 20

1. coniurati-conspirators
2. cornu-horn
3. fructus-fruit
4. genu-knee
5, manus-hand
6. metus-dread
7. communis-common
8. dexter-right, right-handed
9. sinister-left, left-handed
10. carere-to lack
11. defendere-to defend
12. discedere-to depart

Chapter 19-Test

Chapter 19-S.A.
1. Which is the natural spirit? It is mortal.
2. They have seen that argument and it is severe and certain.
3. What ought we to build against that and sin?
4. What am I to do? In which danger was I thrown?
5. Oh, the immortals! In which city do we live? Which citizenship do we hold? Which sins do we see?
6. What are good citizens unless they which are holding benefit for the fatherland's memory.
7. Another, which are being provided money, they were prepared into the foolish; but they are not able to prepare their true friends.

S.A.-Verbs
1. est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. visa sunt-3rd person plural perfect passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
debemus-3rd person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "ought"
4. egi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "agere" meaning "to lead"
iactus sum-1st person singular perfect passive indicative of "iacere" meaning "to throw"
5. vivimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live
habemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
videmus-1st person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
7. parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
parata sunt-3rd person plural perfect passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
parare-infintive meaning "to prepare"
potuerunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"

The Aged Playwright Sophocles Holds His Own-Almost finished
What many old men are possessing in mind! if heavy eagerness and labor and uprightness remain in old age, often they truly remain a memory, knowledge, and wisdom.
Sophocles, that Greek writer, had made extreme old age into tragedy; but becuase of this eagerness, he was being seen to neglect, and a son was summoned in trial. Then, the old author which had the tragedy and which shortly before had been writing, "Oedipus at Colonus", read aloud the decision.

Sophocles-Verbs so far
tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
remanent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "remanere" meaning "to remain"
manent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "manere" meaning "to remain"
fecit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "facere" meaing "to make"
neglegere-infinitive meaning "to neglect"
vidabatur-3rd person singular imperfect indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
vocatus est-3rd person singular perfect indicative passive of "vocare" meaning "to call, summon"
habuit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "habere" meaning "to have"
scripserat-3rd person singular pluperfct active indicative of "scriptere" meaning "to write"
recitavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "recitare" meaning "to recite"

The Judgment of Paris-Pixton Comic!

Chapter 19-S.A.-Noun Parsing

1. Natura-singular nominative
Animi-singular genitive
Mortalis-plural dative
2. Argumenta-singular nominative
3. Scelera-singular nominative
4. Periculum-singular ablative
5. Immortales-plural accusative
Urbe-singular ablative
Civitatem-singular accusative
Scelera-singular nominative
6. Cives-plural nominative
Beneficia-singular nominative
Patriae-singular dative
Memoria-singular ablative
7. Pecunia-singular nominative
Mores-plural nominative
Veros-plural accusative
Amicos-plural accusative

Chapter 19-S.A. Parsed Verbs

1. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. Visa Sunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Debemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "ought"
4. Egi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "agere" meaning "to lead"
Iactus sum-1st person singular perfect passive indicative of "iacere" meaning "to throw"
5. Vivimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Habemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
Videmus-1st person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
7. Parantur-3rd perso plural present indicative passive of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Parata sunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative passive of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Parare-infinitive meaning "to prepare"
Potuerunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "posse" meaning " to be able to"

The Judgment of Paris-Translation

The goddess Discordia, who alone was not called to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, was moved to anger. She then gave the immortal king of the gods a golden apple, on which the were inscribed the letters: "For the Fairest." To whom ought this apple be given? To Juno to Venus or to Minerva? Even Jupiter feared to make the decision! Therefore, the the three goddesses come to Paris, the son of the king of Troy.

"Oh dear youth", they said, "which of us, in your opinion, is the fairest? He will supply the great gift to the goddess which you choose." Which will Paris choose? To whom will the gift disturb in the mind of a judge? Juno was able to make him king, Minerva was able to make a leader. Venus, however, was able to give Helen, the fairest if all women.

Paris's love has been conquered, and he gave Venus the golden apple. And also (if certain is the fame of that deed) Helen was captured, and she was led into a new location, Troy. Which war was waged because of this woman?

Loci Immutati-Death of a Pet Sparrow

Death of a Pet Sparrow
-Mourn, Oh Venus and Cupid,
-and men who are so great among many others!
-My girlfriend's sparrow is dead
-Sparrow, delight of my girl
-whom she loved more than her own eyes,
-For she was sweet as honey,
-it's very own mistress as good as a mother
-It would move about on her lap
-in a circle, first here, then there
-and would only chirp for it's mistress

The Judgement of Paris-Parsed Verbs

Vocata erat-3rd person singular pluperfect passive indicative of "vocare" meaning "to speak"
Mota est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of
Erant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative if "esse" meaning "to be"
Dari-present passive infinitive of "dare" meaning "to give"
Debet-3rd person singular present active indicative
Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Timet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to fear"
Veniunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
Dicunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Parabitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Eliges-2nd person singular future active indicative of "eligare" meaning "to choose"
Eliget-3rd person singular future active indicative of "eligare" meaning "to choose"
Movebitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "movere" meaning "to move"
Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
Dare-infinitive meaning "to give"
Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Dedit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Capta-imperative of "capere" meaning "to seize"
Ducta-2nd person singular present active imperative of "ductare" meaning "to lead"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Gestum est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of "gerere" meaning "to carry on"

Vocab Quiz Chapter 19

1. paro-to prepare
2. libero-to free
3. delecto-to delight
4. iam-soon
5. contra-against
6. nisi-unless
7. at-but
8. immortalis-immortal
9. gravis-grievous
10. certus-certain
11. scelus-sin
12. iudicium-judgment