Roman Slavery

Roman slavery differed from the slavery of ancient Greece. For one, Roman masters held more power over their slaves. This included, by law, the power over life and death. Slavery was also far more necessary to the economy and social system of Rome, especially during the empire, than ancient Greece. Wealthy Romans often relied on many slaves to maintain efficient operation of these households. Imperial conquests and expansion strained the Roman citizen workforce, so great numbers of foreign slaves were needed to be imported to fill agricultural labor needs. The primary source of these slaves was through warfare. Tens of thousands of captured prisoners were brought to Rome as slaves. Other sources were through debtors, who sold themselves or their family into slavery. Also, persons convicted of serious crimes were made slaves. This dependancy on slavery contributed significantly to Rome's downfall.

Cumulative Vocab Test-Freshman Year

1. pronuntio-to pronounce
2. prohibeo-to prohibit
3. odi-defective verb (only in perfect) meaning "to hate"
4. discedo-to depart
5. defendo-to defend
6. parare-to prepare
7. liberare-to free
8. delectare-to delight
9. iam-soon
10. contra-against
11. videor-to seem
12. movere-to move
13. miscere-to mix
14. legere-to pick out
15. fluere-to flow
16. recitare-to recite
17.neglegere-to neglect
18. navigare-to navigate
19. incipio-to begin
20. desidero-to desire
21. regere-to rule
22. quam-which
23. senex-old man
24. potens-able
25. omnes-all
26. timere-to frighten
27. iacere-to throw
28. expectare-to expect
29. commitere-to commit
30. itaque-and so
31. vitare-to shun
32. tenere-to hold
33. mutare-to change
34. currere-to run
35. apellare-to speak to
36. stare-to stand
37. iungere-to join
38. deligero-to esteem
39. allere-to nourish
40. olim-for a long time
41. creare-to create
42. cadere-to fall
43. amittere-to lose
44. nuper-recently
45. diu-while
46. sentire-to feel
47. mittere-to send
48. intellegere-to understand
49. etiam-even
50. bene-well
51. vivere-to live
52. invenio-to come upon
53. fugere-to flee
54. facere-to make
55. dicere-to speak
56. nimis-too
57. in-into
58. enim-truly
59. uter-either
60. unus-one
61. vincere-to conquer
62. trahere-to draw
63. scribere-to write
64. gerere-to carry on
65. ducere-to lead
66. necare-to kill
67. audere-to dare
68. sub-under
69. post-after
70. novus-new
71. tollero-to endure
72. posse-to be able to
73. quare-which
74. nunc-now
75. ibi-there
76. superare-to be above
77. remanere-to remain
78. culpare-to blame
79. ceno-to dine
80. tum-then
81. sum-to be
82. iuvare-to help
83. verus-true
84. stultus-foolish
85. parvus-few
86. satiare -to satisfy
87. habere-to hold
88. semper-always
89. hodie-today
90. in-in
91. est-is
92. sine-without
93. O!-Oh!
94. sed-but
95. et-and
96. vocare-to summon
97. videre-to see
98. valere-to be strong
99. terrere-to terrify
100. convervare-to preserve
*101*-servare-to preserve

Chapter 20 Test-???

2. Oedipus duobus oculis se privavit
Oedipus deprived himself of his own two eyes

Oedipus=Nominative singular
Oculis= Acc. Pl.=direct object
Privavit=3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "privare" meaning "to deprive"
Duobus=two=Acc. Pl.
Se="his own"=reflexive pronoun

4. Demosthenes multos versus uno spiritu pronuntiabat
Demosthenes pronounced many lines of verse in one spirit.

Demosthenes-Nominative singular
pronuntiabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "pronuntiare" meaning "to pronounce"
multos-Accusative plural
versus-Accusative plural
uno-ablative singular
spiritu-ablative singular

6. Iste communi sensu caret
This man lacks common sense.

Iste-Nominative singular
caret-3rd person singular present active indicative of "carere" meaning "to lack"
communi-Singular accusative
sensu-singular accusative

8. Nullus accusator caret culpa; omnes peccavimus
No accuser lacks fault; we have all sinned.

accusator-singular nominative
caret-3rd person singular present active indicative of "carere" meaning "to lack"
nullus-nominative singular
culpa-accusative singular
omnes-nominative plural
peccavimus-1st person plural perfect active indicative of "peccare" meaning "to sin"

10. Prima virtus est vitio carere.
The first virtue is to not lack virtue.

prima-nominative singular
virtus-nominative singular
est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
carere-infinitive meaning "to lack"

12. Magni tumultus urbem eo tempore miscebant.
Great uprisings are disturbing the city at the time.

Chapter 20-S.A.

Horns defend the stag from danger.
Oedipus deprived himself of his two eyes.
In the Persian War, Themistocles freed Greeks from servitude.
Demosthenes used to pronounce many lines of verse in one spirit.
I hate Persian pomp.
That man lacks common sense.
Old age deprives us of all pleasures and is not long absence from death.
No accusers lack blame: we all have sinned.
No part of life is able to be free from duty.
The first strength is to lack vice.
A man free from sin does not need a javelin, nor a bow.
Great uprising were disturbing the city at that time.
A letter to the senate and people of Allobroges had been written by the hands of the conspirators.

Latin-Chapter 20 Optional Exercises

1. (1) object (2) of (3) by/with/from (4) subject (5) object (6) to/for
2. (1) manui- to/for the hand (2) manus- gen sing ,the hand (3) manuum- gen pl of the hands  (4)manu- ab, by/with/from the hand (5)manus gen, of the hand(s) (6)frutibus dat, for the fruits (7)fructum-acc, the fruit (8) fructus gen sing,  of the fruit (9) fructuum-gen pl, of the fruits (10) fructu-ab sing, by/with/from the fruit (11) senatus (sing)-gen sing, of the senate (12) senatui-dat sing, to/for the senate (13) senatus -acc pl, the senate (14) senatu-ab sing, from/by/with the senate
3. (A)masculine
(B)manus
4. (A)the ablative  of place is a verb of active motion and the ablative  of separation is the distance away
(B)Ablative of separation
(C)Ablative of place from which
5. (A) Ablative of place normally has a preposition and active movement, but the ablative of separation normally has no active movement

Latin Vocab Quiz Chapter 20

1. coniurati-conspirators
2. cornu-horn
3. fructus-fruit
4. genu-knee
5, manus-hand
6. metus-dread
7. communis-common
8. dexter-right, right-handed
9. sinister-left, left-handed
10. carere-to lack
11. defendere-to defend
12. discedere-to depart

Chapter 19-Test

Chapter 19-S.A.
1. Which is the natural spirit? It is mortal.
2. They have seen that argument and it is severe and certain.
3. What ought we to build against that and sin?
4. What am I to do? In which danger was I thrown?
5. Oh, the immortals! In which city do we live? Which citizenship do we hold? Which sins do we see?
6. What are good citizens unless they which are holding benefit for the fatherland's memory.
7. Another, which are being provided money, they were prepared into the foolish; but they are not able to prepare their true friends.

S.A.-Verbs
1. est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. visa sunt-3rd person plural perfect passive indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
debemus-3rd person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "ought"
4. egi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "agere" meaning "to lead"
iactus sum-1st person singular perfect passive indicative of "iacere" meaning "to throw"
5. vivimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live
habemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
videmus-1st person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
7. parantur-3rd person plural present passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
parata sunt-3rd person plural perfect passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
parare-infintive meaning "to prepare"
potuerunt-3rd person plural future active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"

The Aged Playwright Sophocles Holds His Own-Almost finished
What many old men are possessing in mind! if heavy eagerness and labor and uprightness remain in old age, often they truly remain a memory, knowledge, and wisdom.
Sophocles, that Greek writer, had made extreme old age into tragedy; but becuase of this eagerness, he was being seen to neglect, and a son was summoned in trial. Then, the old author which had the tragedy and which shortly before had been writing, "Oedipus at Colonus", read aloud the decision.

Sophocles-Verbs so far
tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
remanent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "remanere" meaning "to remain"
manent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "manere" meaning "to remain"
fecit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "facere" meaing "to make"
neglegere-infinitive meaning "to neglect"
vidabatur-3rd person singular imperfect indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
vocatus est-3rd person singular perfect indicative passive of "vocare" meaning "to call, summon"
habuit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "habere" meaning "to have"
scripserat-3rd person singular pluperfct active indicative of "scriptere" meaning "to write"
recitavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "recitare" meaning "to recite"

The Judgment of Paris-Pixton Comic!

Chapter 19-S.A.-Noun Parsing

1. Natura-singular nominative
Animi-singular genitive
Mortalis-plural dative
2. Argumenta-singular nominative
3. Scelera-singular nominative
4. Periculum-singular ablative
5. Immortales-plural accusative
Urbe-singular ablative
Civitatem-singular accusative
Scelera-singular nominative
6. Cives-plural nominative
Beneficia-singular nominative
Patriae-singular dative
Memoria-singular ablative
7. Pecunia-singular nominative
Mores-plural nominative
Veros-plural accusative
Amicos-plural accusative

Chapter 19-S.A. Parsed Verbs

1. Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
2. Visa Sunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative passive of "videre" meaning "to see"
3. Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Debemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "debere" meaning "ought"
4. Egi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "agere" meaning "to lead"
Iactus sum-1st person singular perfect passive indicative of "iacere" meaning "to throw"
5. Vivimus-1st person plural present active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Habemus-1st person plural present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
Videmus-1st person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning "to see"
6. Sunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Tenent-3rd person plural present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
7. Parantur-3rd perso plural present indicative passive of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Parata sunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative passive of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Parare-infinitive meaning "to prepare"
Potuerunt-3rd person plural perfect active indicative of "posse" meaning " to be able to"

The Judgment of Paris-Translation

The goddess Discordia, who alone was not called to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, was moved to anger. She then gave the immortal king of the gods a golden apple, on which the were inscribed the letters: "For the Fairest." To whom ought this apple be given? To Juno to Venus or to Minerva? Even Jupiter feared to make the decision! Therefore, the the three goddesses come to Paris, the son of the king of Troy.

"Oh dear youth", they said, "which of us, in your opinion, is the fairest? He will supply the great gift to the goddess which you choose." Which will Paris choose? To whom will the gift disturb in the mind of a judge? Juno was able to make him king, Minerva was able to make a leader. Venus, however, was able to give Helen, the fairest if all women.

Paris's love has been conquered, and he gave Venus the golden apple. And also (if certain is the fame of that deed) Helen was captured, and she was led into a new location, Troy. Which war was waged because of this woman?

Loci Immutati-Death of a Pet Sparrow

Death of a Pet Sparrow
-Mourn, Oh Venus and Cupid,
-and men who are so great among many others!
-My girlfriend's sparrow is dead
-Sparrow, delight of my girl
-whom she loved more than her own eyes,
-For she was sweet as honey,
-it's very own mistress as good as a mother
-It would move about on her lap
-in a circle, first here, then there
-and would only chirp for it's mistress

The Judgement of Paris-Parsed Verbs

Vocata erat-3rd person singular pluperfect passive indicative of "vocare" meaning "to speak"
Mota est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of
Erant-3rd person plural imperfect active indicative if "esse" meaning "to be"
Dari-present passive infinitive of "dare" meaning "to give"
Debet-3rd person singular present active indicative
Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Timet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "timere" meaning "to fear"
Veniunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "venire" meaning "to come"
Dicunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Parabitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "parare" meaning "to prepare"
Eliges-2nd person singular future active indicative of "eligare" meaning "to choose"
Eliget-3rd person singular future active indicative of "eligare" meaning "to choose"
Movebitur-3rd person singular future passive indicative of "movere" meaning "to move"
Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
Dare-infinitive meaning "to give"
Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Dedit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Capta-imperative of "capere" meaning "to seize"
Ducta-2nd person singular present active imperative of "ductare" meaning "to lead"
Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Gestum est-3rd person singular perfect passive indicative of "gerere" meaning "to carry on"

Vocab Quiz Chapter 19

1. paro-to prepare
2. libero-to free
3. delecto-to delight
4. iam-soon
5. contra-against
6. nisi-unless
7. at-but
8. immortalis-immortal
9. gravis-grievous
10. certus-certain
11. scelus-sin
12. iudicium-judgment

Cleobis and Biton-Pixton Comic

Chapter 18 Test-Part 2-Sententiae Antiquae

1. They are able because those things seems to be possible.
2. Even strong men are being scared by often dangers.
3. Your plans are clear to us; You will be held with the knowledge of all these citizens
4. Evil is counsel which is not able to be mutated
5. It is right to be taught by the enemy.
6. The occasions are contests in the Circus games, that type of light show I am never being kept by.
7. This is now my life:I admit and greet good men who come to me; thereupon either I write or read; after this, time is being given to all bodies.
8. Nothing, therefore, is dead, since the soul of nature is being held by mortals.
9. Love to be disturbed with he who is not able to fear.
10. Never, truly, is rashness intermingled with wisdom.
11. Esteem he who is not being moved by money.
12. He is being praised from this man; He is being blamed by those men.
13. Uprightness is being praised-and he is neglected.

Chapter 18 Test-Part 1-Passive Paradigms

Present Passive Indicative-Laudare-to praise
Singular
1. laudor
2. laudaris
3. laudatur
Plural
1. laudamur
2. laudamini
3. laudantur

Imperfect Passive Indicative-Laudare-to praise
Singular
1. Laudabar
2. laudabaris
3. laudabatur
Plural
1. laudabamur
2. laudabamini
3. Laudabantur

Future Passive Indicative-Laudare-to praise
Singular
1. laudabor
2. laudaberis
3. laudabitur
Plural
1. laudabimur
2. laudabimini
3. laudabuntur

Present Passive Indicative-Monere-to warn
Singular
1. moneor
2. moneris
3. monetur
Plural
1. monemur
2. monemini
3. monentur

Imperfect Passive Indicative-Monere-to warn
Singular
1. monebar
2. monebaris
3. monebatur
Plural
1. monebamur
2. monebamini
3. monebantur

Future Passive Indicative-Monere-to warn
Singular
1. monebor
2. moneberis
3. monebitur
Plural
1. monebimur
2, monebimini
3. monebuntur

Latin Help-Chapter 18 S.A., 1-7, Odd-then parse passive verbs

1. They are able because those things seem to be possible.
3. Your plans are clear to us; you will be held with the knowledge of all these citizens.
5. It is right to be taught by the enemy.
7. This is now my life: I admit and greet good men who come to me; thereupon either I write or read; after this time is being given to all bodies.

Passive verbs
Videntur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "videri" meaning "to seem"
Teneris-2nd person singular present passive indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
Doceri-The present passive infinitive
Datur-3rd person singular present passive indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"

A Wedding Invitation

Greetings, Oh gods and goddesses! Our friend Peleus has great counsel; He is leading the nymph Thetis in marriage. Therefore, you all are being called by me, Jupiter, to Thessaly. Expect good games and pleasant feasts. However, you all ought to be advised away from this posterior: 1. Because Peleus is a mortal, his soul will be frightened if we seem strong; 2. That he intends to come without gifts, I will chastise. Choose the class of the gift which they will praise for all of which they will see.
You alone, goddess Discordia, are not being summoned, for you are loving none. If you will come, all gods in Olympus will be moved with anger. Discord among friends ought not to be tolerated.
They will be given penalty from the very same god which will neglect his duty.

Chapter 18 Vocab Quiz

1. flumen-river
2. genus-origin
3. hostis-an enemy
4. ludus-game
5. probitas-uprightness
6. scientia-knowledge
7. clarus-clear
8. mortalis-mortal
9. cur-why
10. deinde-thereupon
11. fluere-to flow
12. legere-to pick

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 7

This is the END!

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 6

6/7

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 5

This is the fifth out of the seven part series!

Rilay and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster Part 4

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 3

This is the exciting third installment in the series that's gaining more and more popularity on Pixton! (at least I hope it's gaining popularity...)

Hero Meets Hero-Jesus and Gilgamesh

5 Heroes!

Hercules-The most popular of Greek heroes, Hercules was the essence of strength and manliness. Hercules was celebrated in stories, sculptures, paintings, and even the geography of the ancient world. This hero's life was non-stop action, from start to finish.

Beowulf-Beowulf is from the most important work of Old English literature. Beowulf is a Scandinavian prince who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel (half man, half fiend) and Grendel's mother. Fifty years later he is a king of his native land and fights the dragon who is against his people.

Knights Templar-The Knights Templar was a military religious order. It was also one of the three major orders of medieval Christian knights. This order was established after the First Crusade. The French gradn master Jacques de Molay confessed under torture, and the knights were all eventually burned at the stake.

Gilgamesh-Gilgamesh was a tyrannical Babylonian king who ruled the city of Uruk. His people disliked him and prayed to the gods about it. Enkidu was sent, and the two wrestled. There was no clear victor, so they became friends. He, advised by an elder, found the plant of eternal youth, but lost it to a serpent and later died.

Jesus-Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and is the Son of God. He taught of God's love. Jesus was crucified for our sins, and rose from the grave. He now lives in heaven with God.

The Olympics-Ancient Vs. Modern-With 6 Major Differences

The Ancient Greek Olympics are very different from the modern-day Olympics, but they still have the same general idea. The winners still gain the fame and glory. There are also no monetary prizes, as in the Ancient Olympics. Some ancient events also remain (discus, javelin, etc.) The French Baron Pierre de Coubertin also wished to regain the ideals of the Ancient Olympics in the new modern-day Olympics.

6 Major Differences
1. Only a few hundred of Greek descent could participate in the Ancient Greek games
The Salt Lake City Olympics featured 2600 athletes from 77 countries.
2. Only men could participate in the Ancient Olympics. It was even part of their citizen's education.
Now, women can participate in the modern-day Olympics. The first women to compete were Marie Ohnier and Mme. Brohy (they participated in croquet games in the 1900 Olympics)
3. The Ancient Olympic Games were a religious event to honor the Greek god Zeus (king of the gods). A hundred oxen were also given as a sacrifice.
Frenchman Pierre Baron de Coubertin, who helped revive the Olympic Games, insisted that they feature the international competition of athletes
4. The Ancient Olympic events only had one winner, who received the olive branch crown. A statue of him was also erected in Olympia
Now there are 15 types of events with a bronze, silver, and gold medal. People now don't die to win.
5. The Ancient Greeks never thought of the Winter Olympics.
The Winter Olympics are a modern invention. The first Winter Olympics was held in Chamonix, France
6. The Ancient Olympic Games were always held in Olympia.
They are now held at different places each year, with Greece only being the site of the 1st modern Olympic Games.

Chapter 17-Test

Practice and Review-1-10
1. Yes, "quae nos semper alunt" is a relative clause
2. No relative clause
3. No relative clause
4. Yes, "quae mentes nostras semper regere" and "qua valere" are relative clauses
5. Yes, "quam difficile est" is a relative clause
6. No relative clause
7. Yes, "quae eum saepe neglegebat" is a relative clause
8. No relative clause
9. No relative clause
10. No relative clause

On the Pleasures of Love in Old Age
Is love in old age? Truly, the pleasure is less, but less also is the desire. However, we worry nothing, if we do not desire, and he who does not desire does not lack. Youth desire excessively; the old often have enough love and much wisdom. I think, therefore, this time of life is pleasant.

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 2

Chapter 17-Sententiae Antiquae-3 Pixtons

These are numbers 3, 4, and 5.
They translate to:
3. Many citizens either don't see the dangers which are imminent or they neglect what they see.
4. He who gives quickly gives twice.
5. He who has begun, the deed had been made half. Begin!

Chapter 17-Sententiae Antiquae-Noun Cases

1. Amice-Genitive or Nominative
2. Filium-Accusative
3. Dionysis-Dative or Ablative
4. Graecia-Nominative, Vocative, or Ablative
5. Siciliam-Accusative
6. Tempestatem-Accusative
7. Cives-Nominative or Accusative
8. Pericula-Nominative or Ablative
9. Facti-Nominative or Genitive
10. Fortuna-Nominative or Ablative
11. Fortuna-Nominative or Ablative
12. Fortuna-Nominative or Ablative
13. Victoria-Nominative or Ablative
14. Simulatio-Nominative
15. Veritatem-Accusative
16. Nomen-Nominative or Accusative
17. Virtutem-Accusative
18. Viri-Nominative or Genitive
19. Corpore-Ablative
20. Turbam-Accusative

Chapter 17-Sententiae Antiquae-Parsing Verbs

• Salve-2nd person singular imperative
• Commisi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "commitere" meaning "untie"
• Dixi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
• Navigabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "navigare" meaning "to navigate"
• Imminent-3rd person singular present active indicative of "imminere" meaning "to threaten"
• Vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning to "to see"
• Vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning to "to see"
• Neglegunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "neglegere" meaning "to neglect"
• Dat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Dat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Coepit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "coeppesi" meaning "began"
• Habet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
• Incipe-2nd person imperative of "incipere" meaning "to begin"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Reposcit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "reposcere" meaning "to demand back"
• Dedit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
• Amat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
• Adiuvat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "adiuvare" meaning "to help"
• Vincit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
• Vincit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
• Delet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "delere" meaning "to destroy"
• Valere-infinitive meaning "to be strong"
• Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Amavi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
• Periit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "perire" meaning "to die"
• Vita-2nd person singular imperative
• Vive-2nd person singular imperative
• Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
• Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Admitte-2nd person singular imperative
• Potes-2nd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"

Latin Help-Parsing S.A. Chapter 17

• Salve-2nd person singular imperative
• Commisi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "commitere" meaning "untie"
• Dixi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
• Navigabat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "navigare" meaning "to navigate"
• Imminent-3rd person singular present active indicative of "imminere" meaning "to threaten"
• Vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning to "to see"
• Vident-3rd person plural present active indicative of "videre" meaning to "to see"
• Neglegunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "neglegere" meaning "to neglect"
• Dat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Dat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Coepit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "coeppesi" meaning "began"
• Habet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to have"
• Incipe-2nd person imperative of "incipere" meaning "to begin"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Reposcit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "reposcere" meaning "to demand back"
• Dedit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "dare" meaning "to give"
• Facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
• Amat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
• Est-3rd person singular present active indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
• Facit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "facere" meaning "to make"
• Adiuvat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "adiuvare" meaning "to help"
• Vincit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
• Vincit-3rd person singular present active indicative of "vincere" meaning "to conquer"
• Delet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "delere" meaning "to destroy"
• Valere-infinitive meaning "to be strong"
• Potest-3rd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Amavi-1st person singular perfect active indicative of "amare" meaning "to love"
• Periit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "perire" meaning "to die"
• Vita-2nd person singular imperative
• Vive-2nd person singular imperative
• Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"
• Possunt-3rd person plural present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Admitte-2nd person singular imperative
• Potes-2nd person singular present active indicative of "posse" meaning "to be able to"
• Facere-infinitive meaning "to make"

Chapter 17-S.A. 1-12, Old Age Love

1. Greeting, good friend, to whom I united my son yesterday.
2. Dionysus, who spoke about this before, sailed from Greece to Sicily though a storm.
3. Many citizens either don't see the dangers which are imminent or they neglect what they see.
4. He who gives quickly gives twice.
5. He who has begun, the deed had been made half. Begin!
6. Fortune is easy: he demands back what he gives quickly.
7. Fortune makes foolish him whom she loves too much.
8. Not only is fortune blind, but it also makes those who it always helps blind.
9. He who conquers himself in victory conquers twice.
10. Pretense destroys truth, without which the name of friendship is not able to have power.
11. I truly loved that man's virtue, which did not perish with his body.
12. Avoid the crowd. Live with these men who are able to make you better; let in those whom you can make better.

On the Pleasures of Love in Old Age
Is love in old age? Truly the pleasure is less, but less also is desire. But nothing is a concern to us, if we are not desiring, and he who does not desire does not lack. Youths desire excessively; old men often have much love and wisdom. Therefore, I think that this time of life is pleasant.

Chapter 17 Vocab Quiz

1. libellus-little book
2. quae-who
3. caecus-blind
4. levis-light
5. aut-or
6. cito-quickly
7. quoque-also
8. admittere-to admit
9. coepi-began
10. cupio-to desire
11. deleo-to destroy

Riley and Ripple-The Roman Pillar Monster-Part 1

Well, this may not seem like it, but this is going to have everything to do with Latin. You'll see after the next part comes out...

Verbs from The Myrmidons-Ant People Parsing

Regebat-3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of "regere" meaning "to rule"
Ceperat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "capere" meaning "to capture"
Iunxerat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "jungere" meaning "to join"
Tolerare-infinitve meaning "to tolerate"
Potuerat-3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of "possum" meaning "to be able to"
Sensit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "sentire" meaning "to feel"
Tenuit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "tenere" meaning "to have"
Vivebant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of "vivere" meaning "to live"
Misit- 3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "mittere" meaning "to send"
Vocavit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of "vocare" meaning "to speak"
Delevit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of "delere" meaning "to delete"
Neglegere- infinitive meaning "to neglect"
Debes- 2nd person singular present indicative active of "debere" meaning "ought"
Audivit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "audivere" meaning "to hear"
Coepit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "coepessi" meaning "began"
Mutare- infinite meaning "to mutate"
Est-3rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
Fecit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "facere" meaning "to make"
Dico-1st person singular present indicative active of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
Erat-3rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
Erat-3rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"

The Myrmidons (Ant People)

Once upon a time, Aeacus was ruler of Aegina, whose name he took from his mother Aeaci, who at the time Jupiter joined her in love. Juno, who was not able to tolerate the bad morals of Jupiter, sensed this deed and kept the memory. Many years after this, she sent death to everyone who lived on the island. "Oh, father Jupiter," Aeacus called, "Juno destroyed my whole population! Help me, your son, who you love and you ought not to neglect." The god heard him and without delay began to mutate ants into humans! And so Jupiter, when nothing is too difficult, male small men and women out of animals. (Truth tells, can it not be?)
The son of Aeacus is Peleus, whose son is that man Achilles, the leader of the Myrmidons (Ant people)

20 Roman God/Goddess/Hero sentences (with relative clauses)

1. Apollo, who is the god of light, is very truthful.
2. Ceres, who is the goddess of agriculture and marriage, just helped a farm grow.
3. Diana, who is a hunter goddess, is also a goddess of the moon and fertility.
4. Juno, who is the queen of the gods, just smote a man.
5. Jupiter, who is the king of the gods, just killed a hydra.
6. Mars, who is the god of war, liked the Trojan War for its bloody onslaughts.
7. Mercury, who is the god of trade, just sold me a diamond sword.
8. Minerva, who is the goddess of wisdom and learning, just beat my in chess...with one move.
9. Neptune, who is the god of the sea, is also the god of horses, cyclopes, and earthquakes.
10. Venus, who is the goddess of love and beauty, just swayed my heart.
11. Vesta, who is the goddess of fire, just insulted Vulcan.
12. Vulcan, who is the god of fire, is a craftsmen and a blacksmith who just smacked Vesta.
13. Perseus, who is a great hero, just slayed Medusa.
14. Hercules, who is also a great hero, slayed many a creature.
15. Bellerophon, who is one of the greatest heroes, captured and taed Pegasus.
16. Achilles, who is another hero, battled in the Trojan War.
17. Aeneas, who was also at Troy, is the hero of the Illiad and the Aeneid.
18. Theseus, who was an Athenian hero, kllled the Minotaur.
19. Jason, who lead the Agronauts, rocked.
20. Ajax, who is a hero, battled in the Trojan War

Roman Work

Romans woke up early and usually worked a six hour day. Free men and freedman were usually out on their business the whole morning, contributing to the bustle of the urban activity. The import business was centered in Ostia. The biulding industry was the reason for the continual supply of skilled labor. This took teh form of architects, surveyors, supervisors, foremen, sculpters, stonemasons, carpenters, and brickworks' managers.

In the cities and towns, retail and wholesale shops operated, craftsmen plied their trades, and little shops, taverns, and inns did their own business. They, in turn, were supplied with raw materials and foodstuffs from the agricultural activity on estates. Sons tended to follow their father's trade, and the only respectable jobs in the upper class involved law and politics. Other fields involved the work of freedmen, so were lower. These included architecture, medicine, surgery, dentistry, teachingm and agricultural management. This left a sizeable group of educated (if not always aristocratic) people unemployed.

After the daily work routine, a visit to the public baths was usual, for men and as well as women.

(for more on baths, see Roman Baths post)

Roman Circus

The Romans adapted the idea of the Greek Hippodrome to become the Roman Circus. The term is applied to the events that occurred inside of the enclosure. Combat between gladiators, wild beasts, and gladiators and wild beasts, which were usually held in an amphitheater, were sometimes also held in circuses. Many tiers of seat surrounded the circus, except at one end. At this end the stalls for the horses and chariots were located. In the center of the circus, extending lengthwise almost end to end, was a low wall called the spina. The riders and charioteers rode around this wall.

The Roman populace often demanded "bread and circuses" from their political candidates. They wanted sustenance and entertainment. The Roman general Pompey the Great is said to have (in 55 BC) sponsored 5 days of circus games. In this length of time, 500 lions and 20 elephants were killed.

Later (from the Fall of teh Roman Empire to the end of the Renaissance), the Roman circuses were gradually torn apart for their building stones. Few traces of these circuses remain.

Capitoline Hill-Titus' Tour

I, Titus Tullius Sextus, finished my porridge and bread, wiped my mouth, strapped on my boots, and adjusted my toga. I stood and looked at the surrounding landscape, which went on as far as the eye could see, past buildings and fields. I sighed. Another long day would be ahead of me. I would first go to the Temple of Veiovis to worship (where I wondered every day why the cella was wider than the front porch), and then I would walk my often-trodden path to the Asylum to give tours of Capitolinus Mons (Capitoline Hill).
This was my job, to appeal to the strangers that entered the Asylum daily, to draw the interest of the travelers from afar. "Titus the Tour Guide" was my title. I would take my customers on a tour of the Asylum and Capitoline Hill, for a fair pay, which provided me with enough for my living.
I am a very knowledgeable guide, or at least I like to think so, but I am getting bored of the same old thing, day after day, rote recitation and routes. I long for something better, something new. I have a feeling this was my lucky day.
I was standing at the main entrance area of the Asylum, watching as the travelers from afar wandered through. I knew by now the right people to pick out. I looked for three things in a potential customer. For one, they could not be weary and tired, for they would never accept to the tour. For two, they should not be walking with purpose, because he could not interrupt their planned travels. For three, they must have enough payment for the tour.
I soon spotted a potential customer who was walking in my direction, or rather, I was spotted by a potential customer who was walking in my direction. This wasn’t normal, but I did my normal spiel of appeal for my tour. The customer was only too anxious, but he also seemed to be nervous. He was quickly looking both ways as if he was making sure he wasn’t followed. I didn’t catch this, so when the shady customer agreed and provided payment, I was only too happy to take this traveler on my first tour of the day.
I always began my tour on the Arx, the northern summit of the hill, which was the higher point of Capitoline Hill. The tour literally only went downhill from there. On the way to the Temple of Juno Moneta I spewed general information about the hill.
“The Capitoline Hill is the smallest of the seven hills of Rome. It is surrounded by steep cliffs on all sides except in the southeast where it is accessible from the Roman Forum. It is located between the Forum and the Campus Martius. It is also the religious center of the city. The northern and southern summits of the hill are divided by the Asylum, which is where we just came from. South of the Asylum are a few other temples, the most prominent of which is the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The Capitoline Hill was a site for this temple for the Capitoline Triad, which are Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The temple was started under the rule of Rome’s fifth king Tarquin the Elder. Legend says that the recovery of a human skull (“head” in Latin is “caput”) while foundation trenches were being dug led to the name of the hill. When the Senones Gauls raided Rome in 390 BC, this was the one section of the city that evaded capture by the barbarians. Julius Caesar and the brother and nephew of Vespasian also visited this hill. Also-“
“Excuse me”, the shady traveler interjected. “Can you tell me more about the Asylum?”
“I was getting to that”, I answered. “The Asylum is a grove in the depression between the two summits of Capitoline Hill (the Arx and the Capitolium). An asylum can be any place offering safety, shelter, and protection. Tradition states that Romulus invited visitors, settlers, and refugees from afar in the Asylum. This began Rome’s policy of encouraging a diverse population.”
We arrived at the Temple of Juno Moneta. “This is a temple for Juno ‘who warns’. The Roman Mint is located here.” I then showed the stranger the amazing architecture including the marble columns and arches of the temple and then I showed him where the money was made.
When we were both finished, I told the stranger where we would travel next. We were going to the Capitolium to visit the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the Temple of Fides, and the Aedes Tensarum. The Aedes Tensarum was first. I answered the traveler’s questions as we walked over. We strolled along as many others were busily hurrying all around. A sweet wind blew, which brightened my mood. I couldn’t get over the fact that the traveler man was jittery the whole time. I tried to wave it off in the back of my mind. When we arrived at the Aedes Tensarum, I began again.
“The Aedes Tensarum is a small temple where symbols of the gods during the theater festivals are stored. Chariots are also housed here.” We then walked to the Temple of Fides, saving the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus for last. On the way to the temple of Fides, I saw a Roman man with a something sharp in his toga and wondered why he looked so mischievous. The traveler then clumsily bumped into him, and we continued on.
At the Temple of Fides I told the man, “This temple is dedicated to the goddess Fides.” I then went on to explain to him that this temple was different in its colorful archaic features. One such requirement was that the priests had to wrap their hands to symbolize the sacred nature of oaths. Senators also met here.
When we arrived at the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, I felt like I had already told him a lot about it. As I began to tell the man of the highlights of the temple, an actual light appeared near the altar. I walked over to check it out as the light turned into some kind of swirling portal to another area. I turned to wonder aloud to the man, but as I did he drew a knife. He must have pick pocketed it from the man near the Temple of Fides. He stared at me deviously. I looked at him closer and saw the uniform underneath his clothes. “You must have escaped from Carcer”, I said. Carcer was the ancient state prison of Rome at the bottom of the Capitoline Hill. He told me the truth, “Yes, then I stole a uniform from a man at the Temple of Concord. And before you ask, I am killing you to take your place and blend in. I will become you and will never be found.” He glared hungrily at me. On any other day I would have stayed away from the colorful tunnel, but today I spun and dove straight into it.
In the tunnel I wondered why such a portal would open up for me. I came out the other side of the tunnel in a familiar place. It was Capitoline Hill, but it was run down and looked old. I walked outside, confused, and asked the closest person I could see what happened. He told me that the temples were over a thousand years old and that this ruin was bound to happen sometime.
I questioned him again. “What year is this?”
The man answered, “1536.”
My pride for the Hill overtook my confusion of time, place, etc. I told him, “I need to find the nearest architect to fix these buildings.”
He raised his hand slowly and looked down. “I’m an architect”, he said. He looked sad.
“Well great! You can help rebuild and improve these places. I can even help you with them.” He still looked sad. “Come on”, I begged him. “Please, you must help me. This place has a huge historical importance. You must help.”
He finally agreed. “Glad to do business with you”, I said to the man. “My name is Michelangelo”, he said. “And I’m glad to help, too!”
Years passed. The church of Santa Maria de Aracoeli was built at the Arx. The Piazza del Campidoglio and the surrounding palazzos were designed by Michelangelo, who decided to orient the Capitoline towards St. Peter’s Basilica. Still, the Hill was restored, so I was satisfied. Capitoline Museums then opened. I helped bring back the Capitoline. I decided that my purpose of coming into the future must have been to start off Michelangelo. This always confused me. And when I figured out that Rome was gone I almost died, but hey, this was a new start, just like I wanted…

Information Bibliography:
"Capitoline Hill." Wikipedia.org. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Hill.
"Capitoline Hill." Rome Reborn. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities.
http://www.romereborn.virginia.edu/ge/GF-006.html.
"Asylum." Rome Reborn. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities.

Picture Bibliography:
http://www.ancient-rome.com/images/7hills.jpg
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/rome-capitoline-museum-pictures/eosa_032.jpg
Google Earth Screenshots. Digital image. Google Earth.

Roman Calendars-A Contribution to Today

The original Roman calendar was chaotic. It included 10 months and 304 days in a year that started with March. Two more months, January and February, were added later that century. Because these months were only 29 or 30 days long, an extra month had to be added about every second year. The days of the month had an awkward method of counting backward from three days: the calends (1st of the month), the ides (the middle of the month, occurring on the 13th sometimes and on the 15th the other times), and the nones (the ninth day before the ides). This was then even more hopelessly confused when officials abused their authority to prolong their terms in office or to hasten or delay elections. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar was advised by the Greek astronomer Sosigenes to use a solar calendar. This calendar became known as the Julian Calendar and fixed the year with 365 days and 366 days every 4th year. This was called a leap year. This order was established as it is known in everyday calendars. In 44 BC Caesar changes the name of the month Quintilis to Julius(July)after himself. Then the month Sextilis was renamed after the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus (August). The Romans named the days of the week in honor of the sun, moon, and various planets.

Basic Capitoline Hill Story

My name is Titus Tullius Sextus. I work at the Asylum in ancient times. I will be meeting people as they come in, walking around the hill after work, etc.

Latin Phone Numbers!

1410 817 4765-MCDX DCCXVII MMMMDCCLXV
1443 677 3059-MCDXLIII DCLXXVII MMMLIX
1443 564 8456-MCDXLIII DLXIV MMMMMMMMCDLVI
MMMMMMMMMCMXCIX
Football-superbowl
Bottom of sheet music
Clocks
Outlines _
5,000- V _
100, 000- X _
500, 000- D _
1,000,000- M

The Gallic War-Julius Caesar

These are the 2nd and 3rd groups of sentences that we were supposed to do.

All these differ from each other in language, customs, and laws. The Garumna River divides the Gauls from the Aquitani, and the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgians.

Of all these the Belgae are the strongest, because they are the farthest from the civilization and refinement of our province, and merchants least often resort to them and import those things that tend to effeminate the mind,

Vocab Quiz-Chapter 16

1. aetas-life
2, auditor-listener
3. clementia-mercy
4. mens-mind
5. satura-satire
6. acer-sharp
7. brevis-brief
8. celer-swift
9. dificillis-difficult
10. dulcis-sweet
11. facillis-easy
12. fortis-strong

Roman Baths-Not quite the same as today...

Public baths (thermae) were all over Rome. They were in large cities and small towns alike. Under the Republic they had hot, warm, and cold-water baths (caldaria, tepidaria, frigidaria). Alongside these baths were the exercise areas (palaestra). The baths near Pompeii's forum (75 BC) are an excellent example of the early type of public baths. Under the empire these structures became grander. Sone examples of these new baths are the Baths of Caracalla (ca. AD 217) in Rome. These also included libraries, lecture halls, and vast vaulted public spaces. They were decorated with statues, mosaics, painting, and stuccos.

Chapter 15 S.A., #'s 1-9

1. I have long been on that ship and because of the storm and the clouds, I kept expecting death.
2. We came up to that city in seven hours.
3. Italy was abundant in the Greek arts at those times, and many Romans cultivated these arts.
4. They kept hesitating between war and peace.
5. In that time, I was driving that man into the city.
6. Each miserable kept saying : "I am a Roman citizen."
7. My girl used to love her sparrow, and the sparrow chirped to her only and it did not move from her lap.
8. My sons used to esteem my brother, they avoided me; they called me a bitter father and awaited my death. Now on the other hand, I changed my morals have changed and I will draw two sons to me tomorrow
9. The tyrant Dionysius, because the head barber kept fearing to commit, he taught his daughters to cut his beard and hair, so the maidens cut their father's hair and beard.

Chapter 15-Numeral Test ='(

Part I-Roman Numerals for 1-23, +50 +90
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
6. VI
7. VII
8. VIII
9. IX
10. X
11. XI
12. XII
13. XIII
14. XIV
15. XV
16. XVI
17. XVII
18. XVIII
19. XIX
20. XX
21. XXI
22. XXII
23. XXIII
50. L
90. XC

Part II-Cardinals 1-20, + each 10 through 100
1. unus
2. duo
3. tres
4. quattuor
5. quinqua
6. sex
7. septem
8. octo
9. novem
10. decem
11. undecim
12. duodecim
13. tredecim
14. quattuordecim
15. quindecim
16. sedecim
17. septendecim
18. duodeviginti
19. undeviginti
20. viginti
30. triginta
40. quadraginta
50. quinquaginta
60. sexaginta
70. septuaginta
80. octoginta
90. nonaginta
100. centum

Part III-Ordinals 1-20, + each ten through 100
1. primus
2. secundus
3. tertius
4. quartus
5. quintus
6. sextus
7. septimus
8. octavus
9. nonus
10. decimus
11. undecimus
12. duodecimus
13. tertius decimus
14. quartus decimus
15. quintus decimus
16. sextus decimus
17. septimus decimus
18. duodevicesimus
19. undevicesimus
20. vicesimus
30. trigesimus
40. quadragesimus
50. quinquagesimus
60. sexagesimus
70. septuagesimus
80. octogesimus
90. nonagesimus
100. centesimus

How the Seas Got Their Names

Aegean-name derived from Aegeus, king of Athens and father of Theseus
or from Aegea a queen of the Amazons who drowned in the sea
or from an ancient Greek town known as Aegae
Adriatic-named for Adria, a flourishing port and colony. "Adria" also means "water" or "sea"
Ionian-Io supposedly swam across this sea and it was named after her.
Mediterranean-from "medi" and "terra" in Latin, which make it literally "in the middle of the land"
Tyrrhenian-named for a Greek name for the Etruscans, who were said to be emmigrants from Lydia led by the prince Tyrrhenus.

S.A. p. 101 #'s 2 + 8, Cyrus' Dying Words on Immortality

2. We came up to that city in seven hours.
8. My sons used to esteem my brother, they avoided me; they called me a bitter father and awaited my death. Now on the other hand, I changed my morals have changed and I will draw two sons to me tomorrow.

Cyrus' Dying Words on Immortality
Oh my three sons, you ought not be miserable. In fact, now I come to death, but my part, my soul, will always remain. As long as I was with you, you did not see the soul, but from my deeds you realized it was in my body. Therefore, believe that the soul is the same after death, even if you will not see it, and always preserve me in your memory.

The Roman Alphabet-A Legacy to Today

One of the descedants of the Greek alphabet was the Etruscan alphabet. The earliest known example of the Roman alphabet was an inscription on a gold brooch in the 6th century. Roman conquests lead to the use of the Latin alphabet as the basic alphabet of all languages of western Europe.
The Romans originally took 21 of the Greek and Etruscan letters as their own. They would represent the sounds of their language. The Greek letters upsilon (Y) and zeta (Z) were originally dropped out of the Latin language. Since the Romans valued the Greek culture highly, they borrowed some Greek words which used "Y" and "Z". Because of this, these letters were eventually added to the alphabet. During the Middle Ages, "J" was a variant of "I" and "U" was a variant of "V". They acheived the status of separate letters during the Renaissance. In northern Europe, when "uu" or "vv" occurred, they eventually became the letter "w". This provided the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet used for modern English.

Europa and the Bull-NOUNS

1. Underline all nouns
2. Identify case of the first 5 nouns
3. Write out the paradigms of those nouns

1. Europam-Accusative
Singular
N. Europa
G. Europae
D. Europae
A. Europam
Ab. Europa
Plural
N. Europae
G. Europarum
D. Europis
A. Europas
Ab. Europis

2. Filiam-Accusative
Singular
N. Filia
G. Filiae
D. Filiae
A. Filiam
Ab. Filia
Plural
N. Filiae
G. Filiarum
D. Filiis
A. Filias
Ab. Filiis

3. Agenoris-Dative
Could be first declension or second declension
Singular
N. Agenor
G. Agenori
D. Agenoro
A. Agenorum
Ab. Agenoro
Plural
N. Agenori
G. Agenororum
D. Agenoris
A. Agenoros
Ab. Agenoris

4. Iuppiter-Nominative
Singular
N. Iuppiter
G. Iuppiteris
D. Iuppiteri
A. Iuppiterem
Ab. Iuppitere
Plural
N. Iuppiteres
G. Iuppiterum
D. Iuppiteribus
A. Iuppiteres
Ab. Iuppiteribus

5. Rex-Nominative
Singular
N. Rex
G. Regis
D. Regi
A. Regem
Ab. Rege
Plural
N. Reges
G. Regum
D. Regibus
A. Reges
Ab. Regibus

Europa and The Bull-Translation and Parsing

Jupiter, the king of the gods, saw Europa, the daughter of Agenor. Overcome by love, he said, "Without this pretty woman I will not be able to live. What am I to do? This maiden, if I will overcome her power, she will not love me, and Juno, my wife, if she will come upon my ambush, she will punish me. Therefore, with skill I ought to lead Europa towards me.

Jupiter, for himself, has dedicated his form to a bull. He has run with speed from his citadel in the heavens through clouds into the land. Europa had wandered with her friends into a remote location. With this she has come to that great bull. She has fled from the boys; only Europa (for she has always loved the animal) she has remained with the bull. She has held her arm to the his own neck; without delay she has drawn this man across the sea.

Europa perceived danger and has called out, "Oh," Jupiter has said, "Beautiful woman, no evil thought is in my spirit. Not bull, but god I am. Not death, but your fame and glory will come, for your great name joins the poet with mine."

Verbs:
1. vidit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "videre" meaning "to see"
2. dixit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
3. vivere-infinitive meaning "to live"
4. agam-1st person singular future indicative active of "agere" meaning "to drive"
5. superabo-1st person singular future indicative active of "superare" meaning "to overcome"
6. amabit-3rd person singular future indicative active of "amare" meaning "to love"
7. inveniet-3rd person singular future indicative active of "invenire" meaning "to come upon"
8. castigabit-3rd person singular future indicative active of "castigare" meaning "to punish"
9. ducere-infinitive meaning "to lead"
10. debeo-1st person singular present indicative active of "debere" meaning "ought"
11. dedit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dare" meaning "to give"
12. cucurrit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "cucerre" meaning "to run"
13. erraverat-3rd person singular pluperfect indicative active of "errare" meaning "to wander"
14. venit-3rd person singular present indicative active of "venire" meaning "to come"
15. fugerunt-3rd person plural perfect indicative active of "fugere" meaing " to flee"
16. amaverat-3rd person singular pluperfect indicative active of "amare" meaning "to love"
17. remansit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "remansare" meaning "to remain"
18. tenuit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
19. traxit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "trahere" meaning "to draw"
20. exclamavit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "exclamare" meaning "to exclaim"
21. dixit-3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "dicere" meaning "to talk"
22. sunt-3rd person plural present indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
23. sum-1st person singular indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"
24. venient-3rd person plural future indicative active of "venire" meaning "to come"
25. iungent-3rd person plural future indicative active of "iungere" meaning "to join"

Take Home Test #2-Chapter 14-Part 2

Read Cicero paragraph. Create 6-9 panel Pixton on it, translating it, illustrating it, and using original Latin.
This might not be the best translation...

Take Home Test #2-Chapter 14-Part 1

Parsing S.A-10 Verbs
1. appellavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "appellare" meaning "to speak to"
2. creavit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "creare" meaning "to create"
3. servat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "servare" meaning "to preserve"
4. trahit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "trahere" meaning "to draw"
5. teneo-1st person singular present active indicative of "tenere" meaning "to hold"
6. habet-3rd person singular present active indicative of "habere" meaning "to hold"
7. potuit-3rd person singular perfect active indicative of "possum" meaning "to be able to"
8. erat-3rd person singular present active indicative of "sum" meaning "to be"
9. vitabit-3rd person singular future active indicative of "vitare" meaning "to avoid"
10. versate-2nd person plural present imperative active of "versare" meaning "to turn"

Riley & Ripple-In the Beginning...

Riley & Ripple-Coming Soon!

Pixton Comic Test!

Emperor Augustus-Biography

Emperor Augustus was the first emperor of Rome who restored unity and orderly government to Rome after almost a century of civil war. He was ruler over an era of peace, prosperity, and cultural achievement known as the Augustan Age.

Augustus was born Gaius Octavius in Rome on September 23, 63 BC. He succeeded his foster father Julius Caesar as the ruler of the Roman state. Casesar liked him, and raised him to the College of Pontifices (a major Roman priesthood) at age 16. When Caesar was assassinated, Octavius was serving in Illyria. When he returned to Italy, he learned that he was Caesar's adopted heir.

Caesar's death put Rome into chaos. Octavian, who wished to avenge his adoptive father and secure his own place, vied with Mark Antony for power and honor. Octavian was made senator and consul while fighting Mark Antony, both militarily and politically.

Octavian wished to settle the dispute, so they both met with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, a general. At this meeting, they formed the Second Triumvirate. To seal the deal they proscribed (ordered the death of) 300 senators and 200 knights that were their enemies. Among the killed was Cicero.

Octavian and Antony then went after the plotters against Caesar, who both committed suicide. Octavian controlled most of the western provinces, Antony controlled most of the eastern provinces, and Lepidus controlled Africa. In 36 BC, the last of the enemies of the Second Triumvirate, Sextus Pompeius, was killed. Octavian then forced Lepidus from power while Antony was busy fighting the Parthians. Antony then married Cleopatra, and recognized Caesarion (Cleopatra's son by Caesar) as her coruler. This was against Octavian's position as the only sonof Caesar. War was unavoidable. He defeated Antony and Cleopatra's forces in a naval fight off of Actium in 31 BC. They both killed themselves the next year, and Caesarion was murdered. At 34, Octavian was the sole ruler of the Roman world.

In 27 BC, the Roman Senate gave Octavian the title Augustus ("consecrated" or "holy"). The Senate gave him a lot of other powers and titles that had been other people's jobs in the republic. He was given the inviolability of the plebeian tribune and received the tribunician power (gave him control over veto and the assemblies). He also had ultimate authority in the provinces. He held the consulship 13 times during his reign which gave him control of Rome and Italy. After the death of Lepidus he became the Pontifex Maximus ("chief priest") with control of religion.

All of these powers put together gave him the title of the princeps, or first citizen.

Augustus was a patron of the arts and was a friend of Ovid, Horace, and Vergil. He also was a friend of the historian Livy. He loved architecture and "found Rome brick and left it marble." He also attempted moral legislation.

His heirs died, one after the other, and his son-in-law Tiberius succeeded him when he died at Nola on August 19, AD 14.

Sources:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation.

Julius Caesar-Biography

"Veni, vidi, vici!" This phrase (meaning, "I came, I saw, I conquered") was stated by one of the most famous and powerful rulers of all time after he gained a quick military victory in Asia Minor...This man was Gaius Julius Caesar.

Fun Facts:
-No previous Roman leader had held so many powerful positions simultaneously.
-Caesar was known for more than his military prowess. He was known as a great writer, poet, and scholar.
-He was even the first person to issue coinage with him on it.
-The month July he had named after himself (otherwise, the month would be called "Quintilis")
-He began Rome's transition from republic to empire

Caesar was born in Rome, Italy on July 12 or 13, 100 B.C. He died on March 14, 44 B.C. He was a Roman whose dictatorship would lead Rome to becoming an empire. He laid the foundation for the Roman Imperial system.
Julius Caesar was born to a prestigious family that was famous in politics of the time. During his childhood, Caesar witnessed one of the most horrifying decades in the history of Rome. Political takeovers were causing chaos.
Casesar married the duaghter of his Uncle Marius' associate Cornelia, which allied Marius and his associate. He was ordered to divorce her by Sulla, then fled the city with her to avoid harm. He returned to Rome after the resignation of Sulla, but left again to the island of Rhodes. He returned as a more learned person, prepared to run for office. He had been elected to the ponitificate while he was gone. He formed an alliance with Crassus. Caesar was then elected quaestor (magistrate) in 69 BC. He was appointed aedile four years later. He used money from Crassus to sponsor great events and win support. He also used this money to be elected as the pontifex maximus (high priest) of the Roman religion. When his first wife died, Caesar remarried to the grandaughter of Sulla, Pompeia. He left Rome to be governor of Spain and then married again to Calpurnia.
Upon returning to Rome, he joined hte First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey. He was later elected consul and governor of three Roman provinces for 5 years.
He then started a campaign against Gaul, France. He defeated Gaul, but when the tribes there united and revolted he faced some problems with their new leader, Vercingetorix. He eventually defeated him after some major setbacks.
When Crassus died, Pompey wished to get rid of Caesar as well. They had political turmoil. Caesar broke the law and crossed the Rubicon with his army. This led to civil war for four years. Caesar crushed Pompey's forces, but Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated. Caesar followed to Egypt and won in war against King Ptolemy XIII. He made Cleopatra queen of Egypt.
In 47 BC he went to Asia Minor, and after a victory used the phrase stated above.
Caesar was appointed dictator for life in 45 BC. He was also made consul for ten years in 45 BC. He then renamed the month Quintilis after himself. He called in July.
He was in total command of the armies, which was the backbone of his power. He then made reforms, including reconstituting the courts, increasing the number of senators, and reforming the calendar.
All of Caesar's honors and power made some senatorial families feel threatened. This led them to hatch a plot to kill Caesar. Gaius Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus helped with the plot. On March 14, 44 BC, he was killed upon entering a meeting in the senate. At the funeral, Mark Antony angered a few people, who burned Caesar's body in the forum.
His nephew Octavius, who he adopted, was made the first emperor of Rome under the name Augustus.

Sources:
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation.

Derrick's Vocab Quiz-Chapter 14

1. animal-animal
2. aqua-water
3. ars-art
4. auris-ear
5. civis-citizen
6. ius-justice
7. mare-sea
8. mors-death
9. nubes-cloud
10. Roma-Rome

Great Roman Achievements

1. Empire-The first great achievement was obviously the Roman's vast empire. It stretched over 3 continents. It also lasted for a long time. 1101 years...and if the Eastern Roman Empire is included in the number, it would be 2078 years!

2. Army-The Roman Legion was perhaps the most powerful army ever. They were capable of defeating armies much larger than themselves with simple weapons. They had shields, spears, and swords, not tanks, airplanes, battleships, nuclear warfare, etc. like today

3. Modern Cities-The Romans were the founding fathers of many great cities today. Examples include London and Cologne.

4. Great Builders-The Romans were revolutionary builders, engineers, architects. They constructed aqueducts, roads, baths, walls, amphitheaters, temples, arches, cities, palaces, etc. Many of these structures still stand and are used today.

5. Latin-As Rome conquered, their language followed. As the empire collapsed, other languages and empires arose from what was left. Latin gave birth to many other languages, and was the official language of business for a long time.

6. The Alphabet-We use much the same alphabet today as the Romans used, with the additions of the letter "W". Roman numerals are also still used today.

7. Law-Roman law was a great institution. It included the Twelve Tables and the Justinian Code. Rome created many of the laws that we take for granted today. The Romans wrote twelve basic principle laws down on brinze, which came to be known as the Twelve Tables. Later, Emperor Justinian refined many of these laws, which were finished in AD 529 and came to be known as the Justinian Code.

Etymology-25 Words

Latin Italian Spanish French English Meaning
1. amicus amico amigo ami friend
2. liber libro libro livre book
3. tempus tempo tiempo temps time
4. manus mano mano main hand
5. bucca bocca boca bouche mouth
6. caballus cavallo caballo cheval horse
7. filius figlio hijo fils son
8. ille il el le the
9. illa la la la the
10. quattuor quattro cuatro quatre four
11. bonus buono bueno bon good
12. bene bene bien bien well
13. facere fare hacer faire make, do
14. dicere dire decir dire say
15. legere leggere leer lire read
16. unus uno uno un one
17. duo due dos deux two
18. tres tre tres trois three
19. quinque cinque cinco cinq five
20. sex sei seis six six
21. septem sette siete sept seven
22. octo otto ocho huit eight
23. novem nove nueve neuf nine
24. decem dieci diez dix ten
25. undecim undici once onze eleven
26. duodecim dodici doce douze twelve
27. centum cento ciento cent one hundred
28. mille mille mil mille one thousand
29. causa cosa cosa chose
30. finis fine fin fin
31. gens gente gente gent
32. continere continere contener contenir
33. mundus mondo mundo monde
34. dura mente duramente duramente durement
35. claramente chiaramente claramente clairement
36. sola mente solamente solamente seulement
37. cetra mente certamente certamente certainement